Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/kapáwtas

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

Likely borrowed from a Central Asiatic language.[1]

Adjective

*kapáwtas

grey-blue

Noun

*kapáwtas m

pigeon, dove

Declension

masculine a-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*kapáwtas	*kapáwtā	*kapáwtā, -ās(as)
vocative	*kapáwta	*kapáwtā	*kapáwtā, -ās(as)
accusative	*kapáwtam	*kapáwtā	*kapáwtāns
instrumental	*kapáwtā	*kapáwtaybʰyaH, -ābʰyām	*kapáwtāyš
ablative	*kapáwtāt	*kapáwtaybʰyaH, -ābʰyām	*kapáwtaybʰyas
dative	*kapáwtāy	*kapáwtaybʰyaH, -ābʰyām	*kapáwtaybʰyas
genitive	*kapáwtasya	*kapáwtayās	*kapáwtāna(H)m
locative	*kapáwtay	*kapáwtayaw	*kapáwtayšu

Derived terms

*kapawtakás (“blue-grey”)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kapawtakás
  - Sanskrit: कपोतक (kapotaká, “pigeon colored, lead-grey”)
    - Gandhari: 𐨐𐨬𐨆𐨡𐨒‎ (kavodaga)
- Proto-Iranian: *kapawtakáh
  - Old Persian: 𐎣𐎱𐎢𐎫𐎣 (k-p-u-t-k /kapautaka/)
  - → Old Armenian: կապուտակ (kaputak, “sky-blue”)

Descendants

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kapáwtas
- Sanskrit: कपोत (kapóta, “pigeon, dove”)
  - Dardic:
    - Kalasha: kohów (“dove”)
    - Khowar: کووور‎ (kowór)
  - Magadhi Prakrit:
    - Assamese: কুপতি (kupoti, “dove”), কপৌ (kopou, “dove”)
    - Bengali: কপোত (kopōt)
  - Gandhari: 𐨐𐨬𐨆𐨡‎ (kavoda)
  - Pali: kapota
  - Sauraseni Prakrit:
    - Punjabi: ਕੋਵੀ (kovī, “small dove”)
Proto-Iranian: *kapáwtah (“blue; pigeon”)
- Khotanese: 𑀓𑀯𑀽𑀢 (kavūta)
- West Central Iranian:
  - Baluchi: کپوت‎ (kapōt, “pigeon”)
  - West Central Iranian I:
    - Kurdish:
      Northern Kurdish: kevok (“pigeon”)
      
      Central Kurdish: کەوو‎ (kewu), کەوگ‎ (kewg, “blue”)
      
      Southern Kurdish: کەو‎ (kew, “blue”)
      
      Laki: کاو‎ (kaw, “blue”)
    - Zaza-Gurani:
      - Gurani: کەۋە‎ (kaʋa), کەۋێ‎ (kaʋɛ, “blue”)
      - Zazaki: kewe (“blue”)
    - Talysh: кафте (kafte)
- Southwest Iranian:
  - Old Persian:
    - Manichaean: 𐫐𐫁𐫇𐫤𐫡‎ (kbwtr, “pigeon”)
    - Pahlavi: [Unspecified needed] (kpwtl /kabōtar/, “pigeon”)
      - Persian: کبوتر‎ (kabutar)
        → Hindi: कबूतर (kabūtar)
      - Tajik: кабӯтар (kabütar)
  - Old Persian: *𐎣𐎱𐎢𐎫 (*k-p-u-t /*kapauta/, “pigeon; blue-grey”)
    - Middle Persian: [script needed] (kpwt')
      - Classical Persian:
        Persian: کبود‎ (kabôd)
        
        Tajik: кабӯд (kabüd)
    - → Old Armenian: կապոյտ (kapoyt)
- Sogdian: [script needed] (kpʾwt /kapōt/, “blue, blue-grey”)

References

Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), “kapóta-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University

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[1] Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), “kapóta-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University