< Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian

Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/HwiHcati

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *HwiHćati.

Numeral

*HwiHcati[1][2]

  1. twenty

Descendants
  • Central Iranian:
    • Avestan: 𐬬𐬍𐬯𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌‎ (vīsaiti)
  • Northeastern Iranian:
    • Proto-Scythian:
      • Old Ossetic: *insæǰ[3], *insædʸ[4]
        Sarmatian: Ἰνσάζ
        • Ossetian:
          Digor: инсӕй (insæj)
          Iron: ссӕ́дз (ssǽʒ)
      • Proto-Saka-Wakhi: *wisatä
        • Proto-Saka:
          • Khotanese: [script needed] (bistä)
          • Tumshuqese: [script needed] (bista)
        • Wakhi: wist
    • Sogdo-Bactrian:
      • Bactrian: οιστο (oisto /wī̆st/)
      • Khwarezmian: [script needed] (ʼwsy̆c /əws(e)ʒ/, /ūs(e)ʒ/)
      • Proto-Sogdic:
        • Sogdian:
          Christian: [script needed] (wysṯ /wī́st/)
        • Yagnobi: bī̆st
  • Southeastern Iranian:
    • Pamir:
      • Sanglechi: [script needed] (wišt)
      • Shughni-Yazghulami:
        • Sarikoli: [script needed] (vist)
        • Yazghulami: [script needed] (wast)
      • Yidgha: [script needed] (wisto)
  • Northwestern Iranian:
    • Baluchi: بیست‎ (bīst), گیست‎ (gīst)
    • Caspian:
      • Mazanderani: [script needed] (bist)
    • Kurdish:
      Northern Kurdish: bîst
      Central Kurdish: بیست‎ (bîst)
      Southern Kurdish: بیس‎ (bîs)
    • Old Median: *vīsati
      • Middle Median: *vīst
        • Sivandi: vīs
        • Southern Tati: vist
    • Parthian:
      Manichaean: 𐫇𐫏𐫘𐫤‎ (wyst /wīst/)
    • Semnani:
    • Zaza-Gorani:
      Gurani: ۋیس‎ (ʋīs)
      Zazaki: vist
  • Southwestern Iranian:
    • Old Persian: [script needed] (*wīθati)
      • Middle Persian: (/wīst/)[5]
        Manichaean: 𐫇𐫏𐫘𐫤‎ (wyst)
        Book Pahlavi: [Book Pahlavi needed] (wyst')

References
  1. Novák, Ľubomír (2013) Problem of Archaism and Innovation in the Eastern Iranian Languages (PhD dissertation)‎, Prague: Univerzita Karlova v Praze, filozofická fakulta, page 170
  2. Cathcart, Chundra Aroor (2015) Iranian Dialectology and Dialectometry (PhD dissertation)‎, Berkeley: University of California at Berkeley, page 136
  3. Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2016) Einführung ins Ostmitteliranische [Introduction to East-Central Iranian]‎ (in German), Jena: Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena
  4. Kim, Ronald I. (2007), “Two problems of Ossetic nominal morphology”, in Journal of Indo-European Studies and Historical Linguistics‎, volume 112, →DOI, →ISSN, page 62
  5. MacKenzie, D. N. (1971), “wīst”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press
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