< Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian

Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/aHjāráyati

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From *aH- +‎ *jāráyati, secondary causative of *járati.[1]

Verb

*aHjāráyati[2][3]

  1. to torment, offend
  2. to hurt, wound

Derived terms
  • *aHjāráh
    • Kurdish:
      Central Kurdish: ئازار‎ (azar, “annoyance; pain”)
    • Pashto: آزار‎ (āzār, “illness; offense”)
    • Middle Persian: (“torment”)
      Book Pahlavi: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾzʾr /āzār/)
      • Persian: آزار‎ (âzâr, “affliction, disease, grieve, vexation, injury”)
  • *aHjārikah
    • Khotanese: [script needed] (ʾzʾryk, “harm”)

Descendants
  • Central Iranian:
    • Younger Avestan: 𐬁𐬰𐬁𐬭𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬧𐬙𐬈‎ (āzāraiieṇte, 3pl.med.caus.), 𐬁𐬰𐬁𐬭𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬋𐬌𐬱‎ (āzāraiiōiš, “to hurt, wound, offend”, 2sg.opt.caus.)
  • Northeastern Iranian:
    • Khwarezmian: [script needed] (ʾzyʾr-, “to be offended”, 3sg.impf.)
    • Sogdian:
      Manichaean: 𐫀𐫀𐫉𐫏𐫡𐫖‎ (ʾʾzyrm /āzarm/, “to offend, hurt”, 1sg.caus.pres.)
      Old Sogdian: 𐼀𐼀𐼈𐼀𐼊𐼘𐼛‎ (ʾʾzʾyrt /āzērd/, “to hurt, trouble”)
      Syriac: [Syriac needed] (ʾzyrʾm /āzrām/, “to slander”, 1sg.caus.pres.)
  • Northwestern Iranian:
    • Parthian: (“to injure”)
      Manichaean: 𐫀𐫉𐫀𐫡𐫏𐫅‎ (ʾzʾryd /āzārēd/)
      • → Middle Persian: (/āzārēd/, “to torment, offend; to hurt”)
        Manichaean: 𐫀𐫀𐫉𐫀𐫡𐫏𐫅‎ (ʾʾzʾryd), 𐫀𐫉𐫀𐫡𐫏𐫅‎ (ʾzʾryd)
        Book Pahlavi: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾcʾlyt)
        • Persian: آزردن‎ (âzordan, “to annoy, torment”)
  • Southwestern Iranian:
    • Middle Persian: (/āyārēd/, “to suffer; to be distressed, tormented”)
      Manichaean: 𐫀𐫏𐫀𐫡𐫅𐫏𐫗𐫅‎ (ʾyʾrdynd, 3pl.pres.), 𐫀𐫏𐫀𐫡𐫅𐫀𐫗𐫅‎ (ʾyʾrdʾnd, 3pl.subj.pres.)
      Book Pahlavi: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾdʾltyt)

References
  1. Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*zarH¹”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 469
  2. Gharib, B. (1995), “ʾʾzyr-¹”, in Sogdian dictionary: Sogdian–Persian–English, Tehran: Farhangan Publications, page 17: “āzāraya-”
  3. Benzing, Johannes (1983), “ʾzry-”, in Chwaresmischer Wortindex, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 134
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