< Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian

Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/járati

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰárati.[1]

Verb

*járati ~ *gr̥mánti / *jr̥ntáy ~ *gr̥matáy[2]

  1. (transitive) to vex, torment
  2. (intransitive) to be angry, upset

Derived terms
  • *jartáh
  • *járyakah, *járīkah[3]
    • Parthian: (/zarīg/, “sorrow, suffering”)
      Manichaean: 𐫉𐫡𐫏𐫃‎ (zryg), 𐫉𐫡𐫏𐫞‎ (zryq)
      • → Middle Persian: (/zarīg/, “sorrow, suffering”)
        Manichaean: 𐫉𐫡𐫏𐫃‎ (zryg)
        Book Pahlavi: [Book Pahlavi needed] (zlyk)
    • Middle Persian: (“sorrow, suffering”)
      Manichaean: 𐫅𐫡𐫏𐫄‎ (dryɣ /darīğ/)
      • → Parthian: (“sorrow, suffering”)
        Manichaean: 𐫅𐫡𐫏𐫃‎ (dryg /darīg/)
  • *jāráyati
  • *jr̥núš
  • *jr̥yáti (secondary imperfective)
    • ⇒ Proto-Iranian: *aHjr̥yáti
    • ⇒ Proto-Iranian: *patijr̥yáti
      • Sogdian:
        Syriac: [Syriac needed] (ptzyrtq /patzēr-/, 3sg.dur.pres.), [Syriac needed] (ptyzyr:nt /patīzir-/, “to torment, afflict”, 3pl.opt.impf.)
  • *patijárati
    • Sogdian:
      Syriac: [Syriac needed] (ptzrtq /patzar-/, 3sg.dur.pres.)

Descendants
  • Central Iranian:
    • Avestan: (“to be angry”)
      Old Avestan: 𐬰𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬥𐬀𐬉𐬨𐬁‎ (zaranaēmā, 1pl.pres.opt.)
      Younger Avestan: 𐬰𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬥𐬌𐬨𐬀‎ (zaranima, 1pl.pres.opt.), 𐬔𐬭𐬀𐬧𐬙𐬀𐬵𐬈‎ (graṇtahe, 2sg.pres.med.), 𐬔𐬭𐬀𐬧𐬙𐬋‎ (graṇtō, nom.sg.)
  • Southeastern Iranian:
    • Pashto: زورل‎ (zorël, “to vex, torture”)

References
  1. Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*?*g̑ʰeRH-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 178
  2. Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992–2001), “HAR¹”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan] (in German), Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 805: “*zarańiia°”
  3. Rezai Baghbidi, Hassan (2017) Middle Persian Historical Phonology, Osaka: Osaka University, page 32: “NWOIr. *zarika-”
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