< Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian

Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/gā́wš

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *gā́wš, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws.

Noun

*gā́wš f

  1. cow

Derived terms
  • *gā́wkah (“calf; cow”)
    • Ossetian:
      Digor: гъог (ǧog)
      Iron: хъуг (qug)
    • Khwarezmian: غوک‎ (γwk /*γawk, *γuk/)
    • Shughni: [script needed] (γüej, “deer, horned wild animal”)
    • Baluchi: گوک‎ (gúk, gok)
    • Old Mazanderani: گوک‎ (guk)
      • Mazanderani: گوک‎ (gowk, gūk, “calf”)
    • Classical Persian: گوگ‎ (gōg), گوک‎ (gôk, “calf”)
  • *gā́waj(án)ah (“ox-goad”) ( Cognate with Sanskrit गवजन (gavájana, “whip, stick for driving cattle”))
    • Avestan: 𐬔𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬁𐬰𐬀‎ (gauuāza)
    • Parthian: 𐫃𐫇𐫀𐫉‎ (gwʾz /gawāz/, “goad, prod”) (Cf. with Parthian 𐫟𐫡𐫀𐫉𐫗‎ (xrʾzn /xarāzan/, “donkey-goad”))
      • → Old Armenian: գաւ-ազան (gaw-azan, “stick for driving animals”) (Cf. with Old Armenian խար-ազան (xar-azan, “donkey-goad; stick for driving animals”))
      • → Classical Persian: گواز‎ (gawāz), گوازه‎ (gavâza)
        • → Arabic: جواز‎ (jawāz), جوازق‎ (jawāzaq)
        • → Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܓܵܒ݂ܲܙܵܐ‎ (gavāza), ܠܵܒ݂ܲܙܵܐ‎ (lavāza)

Descendants
  • Central Iranian:
  • Northeastern Iranian:
    • Proto-Saka-Wakhi:
      • Khotanese: [script needed] (gūha, “ox”), [script needed] (gūhā, “cow”)
      • Wakhi: (/ɣɨu/)
        Arabic: ږوْؤ‎ (ɣ̌ыu)
        Cyrillic: г̌ыу (ɣ̌ыu)
        Latin: ɣ̌ыu
    • Sogdo-Bactrian
      • Bactrian: γαοι (gaoi /gāw/)
      • Sogdic:
        • Sogdian: (/γāw; γaw, γow/)
          Sogdian: [script needed] (γʾw)
          Manichaean: 𐫄𐫀𐫇‎ (ɣʾw)
          Syriac: ܮܐܘ‎ (γʾw), ܮܘ‎ (γw)
        • Yagnobi: ғов (γow)
          • → Classical Persian: غاو‎ (γāw)
  • Southeastern Iranian
    • Ormuri-Parachi
    • Pashto: غوا‎ (ghwā)
    • Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami-Munji
      • Yidgha: غوو‎ (γavō)
      • Sarikoli: žaw
      • Shughni: [script needed] (žōw)
      • Yazghulami: [script needed] (γew)
  • Northwestern Iranian:
    • Kurdish:
      Central Kurdish: گا‎ (ga)
      Laki: گا‎ (ga), گۊ‎ (gü)
      Northern Kurdish: ga
      Southern Kurdish: گا‎ (ga)
    • Proto-Medo-Parthian: *gā́wš
      • Caspian:
        • Gilaki: گا‎ (gå), گو‎ (gow), گاب‎ (gåb)
        • Old Mazanderani: گو‎ (guw)
          • Mazanderani: گو‎ (gow)
      • Komisenian:
        • Sangisari: گو (gow)
      • Old Median:
        • Kermanic:
          • Isfahani: گاب‎ (gāb)
          • Kermani: گو‎ (gu, gow)
          • Zoroastrian Dari: گو‎ (gu, gow)
        • Old Azari: گاو‎ (gāw)
          • Harzani: گو (göw)
          • Karingani: غو (γo)
        • Talysh: (/gāv/)
          Arabic: گاو‎
          Latin: gav
      • Parthian: (/gāw/)
        Manichaean: 𐫃𐫀𐫇‎ (gʾw)
      • Proto-Zaza-Gorani:
        • Gurani: گاۋ‎ (gāʋ)
        • Zazaki: ga
  • Southwestern Iranian:
    • Old Persian: 𐎥𐎢 (g-u /*gaua/) (in compound name)
      Old Persian: 𐎥𐎢𐎲𐎽𐎺 (g-u-b-ru-v /gaubaruva/, “Gaubaruva, lit. cow-holder”)
      • → Akkadian: 𒄖𒁀𒊒𒀀 (/gubaruˁ/)
      • → Ancient Greek: Γωβρυης (Gōbruēs)
      • → Elamite: 𒋡𒈠𒁀𒊏𒈠 (/kambarna/)
      • Middle Persian: (/gāw/)
        Manichaean: 𐫃𐫀𐫇‎ (gʾw)
        Book Pahlavi: [Book Pahlavi needed] (TWRA)
        Pazend: 𐬔𐬃‎ (gā̊)
        • Lurish:
          Northern Luri: گۉ‎ (gow)
          • Silakhori: گۋ‎ (gü)
          Bakhtiari: گۉ‎ (gow, go)
          Southern Luri: گا‎ (gā), گۉ‎ (gow)
        • Classical Persian: گاو‎ (gāw)
          Dari: گاو‎ (gāw)
          Persian: گاو‎ (gâv), گاب‎ (gâb) (perhaps via Northwestern)
          Tajik: гов (gov)
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