< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/časъ
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *keʔs-, probably from Proto-Indo-European *k(ʷ)eh₁s-. Cognate with Old Prussian kīsman (“time”) and possibly Albanian kohë (“time”). Akin to *čajati (“to wait, expect”) and *čakati, with a semantic development similar to the one found between *godъ and *žьdati (“to wait”).
The other possibility is from the lengthened grade of Proto-Indo-European *kes- (“to go”), with a semantic development similar to the one found in Latin annus (“year”) (< earlier *atnos < PIE *h₂et- (“to go”); compare Sanskrit अटति (átati, “to go”)).
Declension
Declension of *čàsъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm a)
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *čàsъ | *čàsa | *čàsi |
| Accusative | *čàsъ | *čàsa | *čàsy |
| Genitive | *čàsa | *čàsu | *čàsъ |
| Locative | *čàsě | *čàsu | *čàsě̄xъ |
| Dative | *čàsu | *čàsoma | *čàsomъ |
| Instrumental | *čàsъmь, *čàsomь* | *čàsoma | *čàsȳ |
| Vocative | *čàse | *čàsa | *čàsi |
* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “час”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1977), “*časъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 4 (*čaběniti – *děľa), Moscow: Nauka, page 27
- Sławski, Franciszek, editor (1976), “*časъ”, in Słownik prasłowiański [Proto-Slavic Dictionary] (in Polish), volume 2 (caca – davьnota), Wrocław: National Ossoliński Institute, page 116
- Andrzej Bańkowski (2000), “czas”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego (in Polish)
- Boryś, Wiesław (2005), “czas”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*čàsъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 79: “m. o (a) ‘time’”
- Olander, Thomas (2001), “časъ”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a (PR 134); d (OSA 140f.); a/d (RPT 99, 101f.) time”
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