< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/žęti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology 1

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *géntei, from Proto-Indo-European *gem-. Indo-European cognates include Ancient Greek γέντο (génto, “grasped”), Norwegian kumla (“to knead, squeeze”).

Verb

*žęti[1][2]

  1. to press, squeeze
Conjugation
Conjugation of *žęti, *žę, *žьmetь (?, -V/C-, s-aorist, accent paradigm b)
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*žętьje *žęti *žętъ *žęlъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *žętъ *žьmomъ
Active *žьmъ *žьmy
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *žęsъ*žę*žę *žьmǫ*žьmeši*žьmetь
Dual *žęsově*žęsta*žęste *žьmevě*žьmeta*žьmete
Plural *žęsomъ*žęste*žęsę *žьmemъ*žьmete*žьmǫtь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st2nd3rd 1st2nd3rd
Singular *žьměaxъ*žьměaše*žьměaše —*žьmi*žьmi
Dual *žьměaxově*žьměašeta*žьměašete *žьměvě*žьměta—
Plural *žьměaxomъ*žьměašete*žьměaxǫ *žьměmъ*žьměte—
Descendants
  • Church Slavonic: жѧти (žęti) (Serbian)
  • East Slavic:
    • Belarusian: жаць (žacʹ)
    • Russian: жать (žatʹ)
    • Ukrainian: жа́ти (žáty)
  • South Slavic:
  • West Slavic:
    • Czech: ždímat
    • Polish: żąć (obsolete)
    • Sorbian:
      • Upper Sorbian: žimać
      • Lower Sorbian: žimaś
Further reading

Etymology 2

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *gínˀtei. No exact cognates in Baltic, but related to Lithuanian genė́ti (“to prune, hem”), Latvian dzenêt (“to prune, hem”).

Verb

*žę̀ti[3][4]

  1. to reap, mow
Conjugation
Conjugation of *žęti, *žę, *žьňetь (?, -unknown-, s-aorist, accent paradigm b)
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*žętьje *žęti *žętъ *žęlъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *žętъ *žьňemъ
Active *žьnъ *žьňę
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *žęsъ*žę*žę *žьňǫ*žьňeši*žьňetь
Dual *žęsově*žęsta*žęste *žьňevě*žьňeta*žьňete
Plural *žęsomъ*žęste*žęsę *žьňemъ*žьňete*žьňǫtь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st2nd3rd 1st2nd3rd
Singular *žьněaxъ*žьněaše*žьněaše —*žьňi*žьňi
Dual *žьněaxově*žьněašeta*žьněašete *žьňivě*žьňita—
Plural *žьněaxomъ*žьněašete*žьněaxǫ *žьňimъ*žьňite—
Conjugation of *žęti, *žę, *žьnetь (?, -V/C-, s-aorist, accent paradigm b)
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*žętьje *žęti *žętъ *žęlъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *žętъ *žьnomъ
Active *žьnъ *žьny
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *žęsъ*žę*žę *žьnǫ*žьneši*žьnetь
Dual *žęsově*žęsta*žęste *žьnevě*žьneta*žьnete
Plural *žęsomъ*žęste*žęsę *žьnemъ*žьnete*žьnǫtь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st2nd3rd 1st2nd3rd
Singular *žьněaxъ*žьněaše*žьněaše —*žьni*žьni
Dual *žьněaxově*žьněašeta*žьněašete *žьněvě*žьněta—
Plural *žьněaxomъ*žьněašete*žьněaxǫ *žьněmъ*žьněte—
Derived terms
  • *žętva (“harvest”)
  • *žьnъ (“harvest”)
Descendants
  • East Slavic:
  • South Slavic:
  • West Slavic:
    • Old Czech: žieti
    • Polish: żąć (dated)
    • Slovak: žať
    • Sorbian:
      • Upper Sorbian: žeć
      • Lower Sorbian: žeś
Further reading

References
  1. Derksen, Rick (2008), “*žęti I”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 561: “v. (b) ‘press, squeeze’”
  2. Olander, Thomas (2001), “žęti: žьmǫ žьmetь”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b trykke (SA 203, 248, 251; PR 136)”
  3. Derksen, Rick (2008), “*žę̀ti II”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 561: “v. (b) ‘reap, mow’”
  4. Olander, Thomas (2001), “žęti: žьn[jǫ žьn[j]etь]”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b høste (SA 203, 212f., 248, 250; PR 136)”
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