< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-xъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Alternative forms
  • *-xa f, *-xo n

Etymology

Unknown.

Suffix

*-xъ m[1][2]

  1. Forming deverbal nouns
    *spě̀ti (“to advance, ripen, hurry”) → *spě̑xъ (“haste”)
    *smьjàti (“to laugh”) → *smě̑xъ (“laughter”)
    *dùti (“to blow”) → *dȗxъ (“breath; wiff; spirit”)
  2. Forming hypocoristic nouns
    *lęděninъ (“dweller of virgin soil”) → *lęxъ
    *bràtrъ (“brother”) → *braxъ
  3. Forming given name abbreviations
    *Domaslavъ → *Domaxъ

Declension
Declension of *-xъ (hard o-stem)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative *-xъ *-xa *-śi
Accusative *-xъ *-xa *-xy
Genitive *-xa *-xu *-xъ
Locative *-śě *-xu *-śěxъ
Dative *-xu *-xoma *-xomъ
Instrumental *-xъmь, *-xomь* *-xoma *-xy
Vocative *-še *-xa *-śi
* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Derived terms
Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-xъ

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: -хъ (-xŭ)
      • Old Ruthenian: -хъ (-x)
        • Belarusian: -х (-x)
        • Ukrainian: -х (-x)
      • Russian: -х (-x)
  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic:
      Old Cyrillic script: -хъ (-xŭ)
      Glagolitic script: -ⱈⱏ (-xŭ)
    • Bulgarian: -х (-h)
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic script: -х
      Latin script: -h
    • Slovene: -h (tonal orthography)
  • West Slavic:

References
  1. Matasović, Ranko (2014), “2.10.8 *-xъ < *-xa-, *-xa < *-xā-”, in Slavic Nominal Word-formation: Proto-Indo-European Origins and Historical Development (Empirie und Theorie der Sprachwissenschaft; 3), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, →ISBN, page 85
  2. Sławski, Franciszek, editor (1974), “Suf. -chъ”, in Słownik prasłowiański [Proto-Slavic Dictionary] (in Polish), volume 1 (a – bьzděti), Wrocław: National Ossoliński Institute, page 70
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