< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/bernъ
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *bérˀnas, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰérh₁nos. Cognate with Lithuanian bérnas (“lad, boy”), Latvian bȩ̄̀rns (“child”) within Balto-Slavic and dialectal Ancient Greek φέρενᾱ (phérenā, “dowry”) (Aeolian) elsewhere. Further akin to Proto-Germanic *barną (“child”), Albanian barrë (“pregnancy”), Old Armenian բեռն (beṙn, “burden, duty”).
Martynov, Goląb consider *bernъ the primary word for “newborn, child” in Northern Balto-Slavic, while *dětъ (u-stem) - in the South (cf. Latin foetus (“pregnant”)).
Adjective
*bernъ
Declension
Indefinite declension of *bernъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *bernъ | *berna | *berno |
| Accusative | *bernъ | *bernǫ | *berno |
| Genitive | *berna | *berny | *berna |
| Locative | *berně | *berně | *berně |
| Dative | *bernu | *berně | *bernu |
| Instrumental | *bernomь | *bernojǫ | *bernomь |
| Vocative | *berne | *berno | *berno |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *berna | *berně | *berně |
| Accusative | *berna | *berně | *berně |
| Genitive | *bernu | *bernu | *bernu |
| Locative | *bernu | *bernu | *bernu |
| Dative | *bernoma | *bernama | *bernoma |
| Instrumental | *bernoma | *bernama | *bernoma |
| Vocative | *berna | *berně | *berně |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *berni | *berny | *berna |
| Accusative | *berny | *berny | *berna |
| Genitive | *bernъ | *bernъ | *bernъ |
| Locative | *berněxъ | *bernaxъ | *berněxъ |
| Dative | *bernomъ | *bernamъ | *bernomъ |
| Instrumental | *berny | *bernami | *berny |
| Vocative | *berni | *berny | *berna |
Definite declension of *bernъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *bernъjь | *bernaja | *bernoje |
| Accusative | *bernъjь | *bernǫjǫ | *bernoje |
| Genitive | *bernajego | *bernyję | *bernajego |
| Locative | *bernějemь | *berněji | *bernějemь |
| Dative | *bernujemu | *berněji | *bernujemu |
| Instrumental | *bernyjimi | *bernǫjǫ | *bernyjimi |
| Vocative | *bernъjь | *bernaja | *bernoje |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *bernaja | *berněji | *berněji |
| Accusative | *bernaja | *berněji | *berněji |
| Genitive | *bernuju | *bernuju | *bernuju |
| Locative | *bernuju | *bernuju | *bernuju |
| Dative | *bernyjima | *bernyjima | *bernyjima |
| Instrumental | *bernyjima | *bernyjima | *bernyjima |
| Vocative | *bernaja | *berněji | *berněji |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *berniji | *bernyję | *bernaja |
| Accusative | *bernyję | *bernyję | *bernaja |
| Genitive | *bernъjixъ | *bernъjixъ | *bernъjixъ |
| Locative | *bernyjixъ | *bernyjixъ | *bernyjixъ |
| Dative | *bernyjimъ | *bernyjimъ | *bernyjimъ |
| Instrumental | *bernyjimi | *bernyjimi | *bernyjimi |
| Vocative | *berniji | *bernyję | *bernaja |
Derived terms
- *berniti (“to carry a child”)
Descendants
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic: Брѣна (Brěna) (female personal name)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: бре̏на (“pregnant”)
- Latin: brȅna (“pregnant”)
Further reading
- Gołąb, Zbigniew (1992), “III. Stratification of vocabulary”, in The Origins Of The Slavs: A Linguist's View, Slavica, page 117: “*bernъ ~ *dětъ ‘child’, the former attested indirectly”
- “bernas”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012
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