< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/děra

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Enlonged grade of *derti (“to tear”) +‎ *-a, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *der- (“to tear”).

Noun

dě̄rà f[1]

  1. crack, snick, notch
    Synonyms: *rězъ, *pazina, *želbъ

Alternative forms

Declension
Declension of *dě̄rà (hard a-stem, accent paradigm b)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative *dě̄rà *dě̃rě *dě̄rỳ
Accusative *dě̄rǫ̀ *dě̃rě *dě̄rỳ
Genitive *dě̄rỳ *dě̄rù *dě̃rъ
Locative *dě̄rě̀ *dě̄rù *dě̄ràsъ, *dě̄ràxъ*
Dative *dě̄rě̀ *dě̄ràma *dě̄ràmъ
Instrumental *dě̄ròjǫ, *dě̃rǫ** *dě̄ràma *dě̄ràmī
Vocative *děro *dě̃rě *dě̄rỳ
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
  • *derti, *dьrati (“to tear, to flay”)
  • *derъ, *derьba (“skinning, flaying”)
  • *dorъ (“tearing, split”)

Derived terms
  • *děravъ (“torn, ragged”)
  • *děrьnъ (“hollow”)

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: дѣра (děra)
    • Ukrainian: діра́ (dirá)
  • West Slavic:
    • Old Czech: diera
    • Slovincian: ʒė̂ra
    • Slovak: diera
    • Sorbian:
      • Upper Sorbian: dźěra
      • Lower Sorbian: źěra

Further reading

References
  1. Derksen, Rick (2008), “*dě̄rà”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 103: “f. ā 'crack, hole'”
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