< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/drevьnъ
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Formed from the adverb *drevľe (“ago”) + *-ьnъ, but beyond that - of disputed origin:
- Per Vasmer, Trubachev: from Proto-Indo-European *drewHís (“strong, robust”). Cognate with Proto-Germanic *triwwiz (“true”) and akin to Lithuanian dravė́ti (“to gouge, to hollow”). Georgiev also relates it to Sanskrit द्रवति (dravati, “to run, to flee”), Ancient Greek δρᾰ́ω (dráō, “to take action”) from Proto-Indo-European *drewh₂-, however, Vasmer finds that comparison doubtful.
- Pre Trubachev: possibly from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrew-, an extension of Proto-Indo-European *dʰer- (“to hold”). Akin to Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰruwás (“fixated, firm, stable”), Latin firmus (“firm”). Likely related to the sparsely attested Proto-Slavic *druti (“to withstand, to endure”).
Alternative forms
- *drevьňь
Declension
Indefinite declension of *drevьnъ (hard)
Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | *drevьnъ | *drevьna | *drevьno |
Accusative | *drevьnъ | *drevьnǫ | *drevьno |
Genitive | *drevьna | *drevьny | *drevьna |
Locative | *drevьně | *drevьně | *drevьně |
Dative | *drevьnu | *drevьně | *drevьnu |
Instrumental | *drevьnomь | *drevьnojǫ | *drevьnomь |
Vocative | *drevьne | *drevьno | *drevьno |
Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
Nominative | *drevьna | *drevьně | *drevьně |
Accusative | *drevьna | *drevьně | *drevьně |
Genitive | *drevьnu | *drevьnu | *drevьnu |
Locative | *drevьnu | *drevьnu | *drevьnu |
Dative | *drevьnoma | *drevьnama | *drevьnoma |
Instrumental | *drevьnoma | *drevьnama | *drevьnoma |
Vocative | *drevьna | *drevьně | *drevьně |
Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
Nominative | *drevьni | *drevьny | *drevьna |
Accusative | *drevьny | *drevьny | *drevьna |
Genitive | *drevьnъ | *drevьnъ | *drevьnъ |
Locative | *drevьněxъ | *drevьnaxъ | *drevьněxъ |
Dative | *drevьnomъ | *drevьnamъ | *drevьnomъ |
Instrumental | *drevьny | *drevьnami | *drevьny |
Vocative | *drevьni | *drevьny | *drevьna |
Definite declension of *drevьnъ (hard)
Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | *drevьnъjь | *drevьnaja | *drevьnoje |
Accusative | *drevьnъjь | *drevьnǫjǫ | *drevьnoje |
Genitive | *drevьnajego | *drevьnyję | *drevьnajego |
Locative | *drevьnějemь | *drevьněji | *drevьnějemь |
Dative | *drevьnujemu | *drevьněji | *drevьnujemu |
Instrumental | *drevьnyjimi | *drevьnǫjǫ | *drevьnyjimi |
Vocative | *drevьnъjь | *drevьnaja | *drevьnoje |
Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
Nominative | *drevьnaja | *drevьněji | *drevьněji |
Accusative | *drevьnaja | *drevьněji | *drevьněji |
Genitive | *drevьnuju | *drevьnuju | *drevьnuju |
Locative | *drevьnuju | *drevьnuju | *drevьnuju |
Dative | *drevьnyjima | *drevьnyjima | *drevьnyjima |
Instrumental | *drevьnyjima | *drevьnyjima | *drevьnyjima |
Vocative | *drevьnaja | *drevьněji | *drevьněji |
Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
Nominative | *drevьniji | *drevьnyję | *drevьnaja |
Accusative | *drevьnyję | *drevьnyję | *drevьnaja |
Genitive | *drevьnъjixъ | *drevьnъjixъ | *drevьnъjixъ |
Locative | *drevьnyjixъ | *drevьnyjixъ | *drevьnyjixъ |
Dative | *drevьnyjimъ | *drevьnyjimъ | *drevьnyjimъ |
Instrumental | *drevьnyjimi | *drevьnyjimi | *drevьnyjimi |
Vocative | *drevьniji | *drevьnyję | *drevьnaja |
Related terms
Derived terms
- *drevьnostь (“antiquity”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
- Czech: dřevný
- Polish: drzewiej
- Slovak: drevný
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “дре́вний”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1978), “*drevьnъ(jь)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 5 (*dělo – *dьržьlь), Moscow: Nauka, page 107
- Georgiev V. I., editor (1971), “древен²”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 423
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*drevьnь; *drevьnъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 239: “adj. jo; adj. o ‘ancient’”
- Olander, Thomas (2001), “drev(ьnjь)”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c gammeldags (PR 139)”
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