Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/gavęzь
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *gaw- ~ *gōw-, univerbation of *govь (“cow”) + *ęzykъ (“tongue”). The first term, the descendant of Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws, is only attested in derived terms in Slavic, aside from the present word in *govędo (“cattlehead”), *govьno (“dung”) and *gumьno (“threshing-floor”). In Late Antiquity—a circumstance that raises confidence that the former word was present in the Slavic language rather than its phylogenetic predecessor, Proto-Balto-Slavic—, the same two words have parallelly been compounded to denote about the same plants in Persian گاوزبان (gâv-zabân) to calque of Ancient Greek βούγλωσσον (boúglōsson), then again calqued in Arabic لِسَان الثَوْر (lisān aṯ-ṯawr).
Machek claims that the Czech is a learned borrowing from Western South Slavic, which is difficult in view of the gender and meaning difference.
Declension
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *gavęzь | *gavęzi | *gavęzьje, *gavęže* |
| Accusative | *gavęzь | *gavęzi | *gavęzi |
| Genitive | *gavęzi | *gavęzьju, *gavęžu* | *gavęzьjь, *gavęzi* |
| Locative | *gavęzi | *gavęzьju, *gavęžu* | *gavęzьxъ |
| Dative | *gavęzi | *gavęzьma | *gavęzьmъ |
| Instrumental | *gavęzьmь | *gavęzьma | *gavęzьmi |
| Vocative | *gavęzi | *gavęzi | *gavęzьje, *gavęže* |
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Belarusian: гавэз m (havez)
- Russian: гавязь m (gavjazʹ), гавьяз m (gavʹjaz), гавяз m (gavjaz), гавяз m (gavjaz), гавияс m (gavijas), гавяс m (gavjas), гобьяз m (gobʹjaz) (dialectal)
- Ukrainian: га́в'язь m (hávʺjazʹ), га́в'яз (gávʺjaz)
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
- Czech: havez f, also given m
Further reading
- Bezlaj, France (1976) Etimološki slovar slovenskega jezika, volume 1, Ljubljana, page 141a
- Machek, Václav (1968), “havez”, in Etymologický slovník jazyka českého, 2nd edition, Prague: Academia, page 163
- Snoj, Marko (2016), “gȃbez”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar3 (in Slovene), https://fran.si
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1979), “*gavęzъ / gavęzь”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 6 (*e – *golva), Moscow: Nauka, page 111
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “гавяз”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress