< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kъrma
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology 1
Probably from Proto-Indo-European *kʷer- (“to form, to shape”), akin to Sanskrit कर्मन् (karman, “act, effect, result”), or from *(s)ker- (“to cut”), *(s)kerH- (“to break, to section”).
Noun
Declension
Declension of *kъrmà (hard a-stem, accent paradigm c)
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *kъrmà | *kъ̑rmě | *kъ̑rmy |
| Accusative | *kъ̑rmǫ | *kъ̑rmě | *kъ̑rmy |
| Genitive | *kъrmý | *kъrmù | *kъ̃rmъ |
| Locative | *kъ̑rmě | *kъrmù | *kъrmàsъ, *kъrmàxъ* |
| Dative | *kъrmě̀ | *kъrmàma | *kъrmàmъ |
| Instrumental | *kъrmojǫ́ | *kъrmàma | *kъrmàmi |
| Vocative | *kъrmo | *kъ̑rmě | *kъ̑rmy |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
Derived terms
- *kъrmidlo (“rudder”)
- *kъrmačь, *kъrmьči, *kъrmьnikъ (agent nouns)
- *kъrmovъ, *kъrmьnъ
Related terms
- *černъ (“handle”) (probably)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
Further reading
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1987), “*kъrma I”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 13 (*kroměžirъ – *kyžiti), Moscow: Nauka, page 220
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “корма́”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Georgiev V. I., editor (1986), “кърма²¹”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 3, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 211
References
- Olander, Thomas (2001), “kъrma kъrmy”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b/c agterstavn (PR 135)”
- Snoj, Marko (2016), “krma²”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar3 (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *kъrma̋”
Etymology 2
Resultant noun of *kъrmiti (“to nourish”) + *-a, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₃- (“to satiate”) (cf. Lithuanian pãšaras (“fodder”)) or *(s)kerH- (“to chop, to mince”) (cf. Latin carō (“flesh, meat”)). Possibly cognate with Old Irish cuirm (“beer”), Latin crāmum (“cream”).
Declension
Declension of *kъrma (hard a-stem)
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *kъrma | *kъrmě | *kъrmy |
| Accusative | *kъrmǫ | *kъrmě | *kъrmy |
| Genitive | *kъrmy | *kъrmu | *kъrmъ |
| Locative | *kъrmě | *kъrmu | *kъrmasъ, *kъrmaxъ* |
| Dative | *kъrmě | *kъrmama | *kъrmamъ |
| Instrumental | *kъrmojǫ, *kъrmǫ** | *kъrmama | *kъrmami |
| Vocative | *kъrmo | *kъrmě | *kъrmy |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Derived terms
- *kъrmačę (epithet for a baby)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1987), “*kъrma II”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 13 (*kroměžirъ – *kyžiti), Moscow: Nauka, page 222
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “корм”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Georgiev V. I., editor (1986), “кърма¹”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 3, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 211
- “šerti”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*kъrma II; *kъrmъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 262
- Snoj, Marko (2016), “krma¹”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar3 (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *kъrma̋”
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