< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kopněti
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Alternative reconstructions
- *kopьněti, *kopьniti (ESSJa)
Etymology
Probably from Proto-Indo-European *kwep- ~ *kʷap- (“to boil, to steam, to stink”), related to Latin cupiō (“to desire”) and Lithuanian kvapas (“aroma”). Possibly akin to Ancient Greek καπνός (kapnós, “smoke”), Latin vapor. Schrijver reconstructs Proto-Indo-European *kʷh₂wep- in order to explain the broken tone in Lithuanian kûpt (“to smoke, to steam”), which according to Derksen could alternatively be a result of the sta-present conjugation.
Trubachev reconstructs *kopьněti as if from *kopьna (“heap, pile”) + *-ěti, which is semantically dubious. The later is akin to Proto-Slavic *kopati (“to dig”).
Verb
*kopněti impf
Alternative forms
- *kopniti
Conjugation
Conjugation of *kopněti, *kopně, *kopnějetь (impf., -ě-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
Suffix: *-ěti
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *kopněnьje | *kopněti | *kopnětъ | *kopnělъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *kopněnъ | *kopnějemъ |
| Active | *kopněvъ | *kopněję |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *kopněxъ | *kopně | *kopně | *kopnějǫ | *kopněješi | *kopnějetь |
| Dual | *kopněxově | *kopněsta | *kopněste | *kopnějevě | *kopnějeta | *kopnějete |
| Plural | *kopněxomъ | *kopněste | *kopněšę | *kopnějemъ | *kopnějete | *kopnějǫtь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *kopněaxъ | *kopněaše | *kopněaše | — | *kopněji | *kopněji |
| Dual | *kopněaxově | *kopněašeta | *kopněašete | *kopnějivě | *kopnějita | — |
| Plural | *kopněaxomъ | *kopněašete | *kopněaxǫ | *kopnějimъ | *kopnějite | — |
Conjugation of *kopněti, *kopně, *kopnitь (impf., -ě/i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
Suffix: *-ěti
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *kopněnьje | *kopněti | *kopnětъ | *kopnělъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *kopněnъ | *kopnimъ |
| Active | *kopněvъ | *kopnę |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *kopněxъ | *kopně | *kopně | *kopňǫ | *kopniši | *kopnitь |
| Dual | *kopněxově | *kopněsta | *kopněste | *kopnivě | *kopnita | *kopnite |
| Plural | *kopněxomъ | *kopněste | *kopněšę | *kopnimъ | *kopnite | *kopnętь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *kopněaxъ | *kopněaše | *kopněaše | — | *kopni | *kopni |
| Dual | *kopněaxově | *kopněašeta | *kopněašete | *kopnivě | *kopnita | — |
| Plural | *kopněaxomъ | *kopněašete | *kopněaxǫ | *kopnimъ | *kopnite | — |
Derived terms
- *kopnežь, *kopněžь (“longing, strong desire”)
Related terms
Descendants
Further reading
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1984), “*kopьněti/*kopьniti (sę)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 11 (*konьcь – *kotьna(ja)), Moscow: Nauka, page 44
- Georgiev V. I., editor (1979), “копнея”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 2, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 618
- Snoj, Marko (2016), “kopneti”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar3 (in Slovene), https://fran.si
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*kopъtъ, *kopъtь”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 233
References
- Hrinchenko, Borys, editor (1924), “кіпніти”, in Словарь української мови [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Russian), volume 1: А – Н, Berlin: Ukrainske Slowo, page 781
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