< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kopiti
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology 1
Pre-Slavic, reflecting Proto-Balto-Slavic *kа́p(je)tei, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kep-. Cognate with Lithuanian kàpti (“to chop”), Ancient Greek κόπτω (kóptō, “to beat, to hit”). Superseded by Proto-Slavic *kopati by time of Late Common Slavic.
Inflection
Conjugation of *kopiti, *kopi, *kopitь (impf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm a)
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *kopľenьje | *kopiti | *kopitъ | *kopilъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *kopľenъ | *kopimъ |
| Active | *kopľь | *kopę |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *kopixъ | *kopi | *kopi | *kopľǫ | *kopiši | *kopitь |
| Dual | *kopixově | *kopista | *kopiste | *kopivě | *kopita | *kopite |
| Plural | *kopixomъ | *kopiste | *kopišę | *kopimъ | *kopite | *kopętь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *kopľaaxъ | *kopľaaše | *kopľaaše | — | *kopi | *kopi |
| Dual | *kopľaaxově | *kopľaašeta | *kopľaašete | *kopivě | *kopita | — |
| Plural | *kopľaaxomъ | *kopľaašete | *kopľaaxǫ | *kopimъ | *kopite | — |
- Notes:
- (*)*kopivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle
Descendants
- South Slavic:
- ⇒ Bulgarian: копя́ (kopjá, “to castrate”) (possibly, archaic)
Further reading
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1984), “*kopiti (sę)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 11 (*konьcь – *kotьna(ja)), Moscow: Nauka, page 20
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1984), “*kopati”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 11 (*konьcь – *kotьna(ja)), Moscow: Nauka, page 18: “*kopti... презенс на -je-”
- Georgiev V. I., editor (1979), “копя²”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 2, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 625
Etymology 2
Denominal causative from *kopa (“pile, bulk”) + *-iti, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kep- (“to grave, to strike”).
Inflection
Conjugation of *kopiti, *kopi, *kopitь (impf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *kopľenьje | *kopiti | *kopitъ | *kopilъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *kopľenъ | *kopimъ |
| Active | *kopľь | *kopę |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *kopixъ | *kopi | *kopi | *kopľǫ | *kopiši | *kopitь |
| Dual | *kopixově | *kopista | *kopiste | *kopivě | *kopita | *kopite |
| Plural | *kopixomъ | *kopiste | *kopišę | *kopimъ | *kopite | *kopętь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *kopľaaxъ | *kopľaaše | *kopľaaše | — | *kopi | *kopi |
| Dual | *kopľaaxově | *kopľaašeta | *kopľaašete | *kopivě | *kopita | — |
| Plural | *kopľaaxomъ | *kopľaašete | *kopľaaxǫ | *kopimъ | *kopite | — |
- Notes:
- (*)*kopivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle
Related terms
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: копити (kopiti)
- Belarusian: капі́ць (kapícʹ) (dialectal)
- Russian: копи́ть (kopítʹ)
- Ukrainian: копи́ти (kopýty)
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1984), “*kopiti (sę)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 11 (*konьcь – *kotьna(ja)), Moscow: Nauka, page 20
- Georgiev V. I., editor (1979), “копя¹”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 2, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 625
- Snoj, Marko (2016), “kopiti”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar3 (in Slovene), https://fran.si
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