< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/krǫpъ
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Per Brückner and Sławski (accepted by Trubačev /ESSJa/), a doublet of *krupъ. Derksen distinguishes the two lemmas, but accepts that they have intermingled at later time.
Further origin probably from the root of Proto-Balto-Slavic *krúptei (“to contract, to crumple?”), whence Lithuanian krùpti (“to get scabby”), Latvian krupt (“to frawn”), with inchoatic nasal infix. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *krewp-, an extension of *(s)ker- (“to bend, to crook”). Akin to Proto-Germanic *hreubaz (“rough, scabby”).
Adjective
*krǫpъ[1]
Alternative forms
- *krupъ (probably)
- *krǫpavъ (approximative)
- Polish: krępawy
Declension
Indefinite declension of *krǫpъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *krǫpъ | *krǫpa | *krǫpo |
| Accusative | *krǫpъ | *krǫpǫ | *krǫpo |
| Genitive | *krǫpa | *krǫpy | *krǫpa |
| Locative | *krǫpě | *krǫpě | *krǫpě |
| Dative | *krǫpu | *krǫpě | *krǫpu |
| Instrumental | *krǫpomь | *krǫpojǫ | *krǫpomь |
| Vocative | *krǫpe | *krǫpo | *krǫpo |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *krǫpa | *krǫpě | *krǫpě |
| Accusative | *krǫpa | *krǫpě | *krǫpě |
| Genitive | *krǫpu | *krǫpu | *krǫpu |
| Locative | *krǫpu | *krǫpu | *krǫpu |
| Dative | *krǫpoma | *krǫpama | *krǫpoma |
| Instrumental | *krǫpoma | *krǫpama | *krǫpoma |
| Vocative | *krǫpa | *krǫpě | *krǫpě |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *krǫpi | *krǫpy | *krǫpa |
| Accusative | *krǫpy | *krǫpy | *krǫpa |
| Genitive | *krǫpъ | *krǫpъ | *krǫpъ |
| Locative | *krǫpěxъ | *krǫpaxъ | *krǫpěxъ |
| Dative | *krǫpomъ | *krǫpamъ | *krǫpomъ |
| Instrumental | *krǫpy | *krǫpami | *krǫpy |
| Vocative | *krǫpi | *krǫpy | *krǫpa |
Definite declension of *krǫpъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *krǫpъjь | *krǫpaja | *krǫpoje |
| Accusative | *krǫpъjь | *krǫpǫjǫ | *krǫpoje |
| Genitive | *krǫpajego | *krǫpyję | *krǫpajego |
| Locative | *krǫpějemь | *krǫpěji | *krǫpějemь |
| Dative | *krǫpujemu | *krǫpěji | *krǫpujemu |
| Instrumental | *krǫpyjimi | *krǫpǫjǫ | *krǫpyjimi |
| Vocative | *krǫpъjь | *krǫpaja | *krǫpoje |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *krǫpaja | *krǫpěji | *krǫpěji |
| Accusative | *krǫpaja | *krǫpěji | *krǫpěji |
| Genitive | *krǫpuju | *krǫpuju | *krǫpuju |
| Locative | *krǫpuju | *krǫpuju | *krǫpuju |
| Dative | *krǫpyjima | *krǫpyjima | *krǫpyjima |
| Instrumental | *krǫpyjima | *krǫpyjima | *krǫpyjima |
| Vocative | *krǫpaja | *krǫpěji | *krǫpěji |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *krǫpiji | *krǫpyję | *krǫpaja |
| Accusative | *krǫpyję | *krǫpyję | *krǫpaja |
| Genitive | *krǫpъjixъ | *krǫpъjixъ | *krǫpъjixъ |
| Locative | *krǫpyjixъ | *krǫpyjixъ | *krǫpyjixъ |
| Dative | *krǫpyjimъ | *krǫpyjimъ | *krǫpyjimъ |
| Instrumental | *krǫpyjimi | *krǫpyjimi | *krǫpyjimi |
| Vocative | *krǫpiji | *krǫpyję | *krǫpaja |
Derived terms
- *krǫpěti (“to contract”)
- *krǫpělь (“firm piece of wood, clod”)
- *krǫpostь
Related terms
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: крꙋпꙑи (krupyj)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic: крѫпъ (krǫpŭ)
- Bulgarian: круп (krup, “sturdy”), кръп (krǎp, “concise, compact”) (dialectal)
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1987), “*krǫpъ(jь)/*krupъ(jь)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 13 (*kroměžirъ – *kyžiti), Moscow: Nauka, page 27
- Georgiev V. I., editor (1986), “круп¹”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 3, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 29
- Georgiev V. I., editor (1986), “кръп”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 3, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 49
- “krupis”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*krǫpъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 251: “adj. o ‘short, small’”
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