Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kušati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Iterative of *kusiti (“to probe, to trail”) +‎ *-jati, of Germanic origin, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵews- (“to test, try”). In Slavic languages where *ǫ > *u, *kušati has merged with native *kǫšati (“to bite off”) (from *kǫsъ (“bite”)).

Verb

*kùšati impf (perfective *kusnǫti)[1]

to degustate
to offer a meal, to feed
→ (reflexive) (+ *sę) to have a meal, to eat

Conjugation

Conjugation of *kušati, *kuša, *kušajetь (impf., -ě-, s-aorist, accent paradigm a)

Suffix: *-ěti

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*kušanьje	*kušati	*kušatъ	*kušalъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*kušanъ	*kušajemъ
Active	*kušavъ	*kušaję

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*kušaxъ	*kuša	*kuša	*kušajǫ	*kušaješi	*kušajetь
Dual	*kušaxově	*kušasta	*kušaste	*kušajevě	*kušajeta	*kušajete
Plural	*kušaxomъ	*kušaste	*kušašę	*kušajemъ	*kušajete	*kušajǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*kušaaxъ	*kušaaše	*kušaaše	—	*kušaji	*kušaji
Dual	*kušaaxově	*kušaašeta	*kušaašete	*kušajivě	*kušajita	—
Plural	*kušaaxomъ	*kušaašete	*kušaaxǫ	*kušajimъ	*kušajite	—

Related terms

*kusiti (“to probe, to trail”)
*kušenьje (“probing, temptation”)
*kusъ (“probe, taste”)

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: кушати (kušati)
  - Belarusian: ку́шаць (kúšacʹ), куша́цьца (kušácʹca)
  - Russian: ку́шать (kúšatʹ), куша́ться (kušátʹsja)
  - Ukrainian: ку́шати (kúšaty), куштува́ти (kuštuváty)
South Slavic:
- ⇒ Old Church Slavonic: въкоушати (vŭkušati)
- Bulgarian: ку́шам (kúšam) (dialectal)
- Macedonian: куша (kuša, “to babble”)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic: ку̏шати
  
  Latin: kȕšati
- Slovene: kúšati
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: kušat
  - Czech: zkoušet
- Old Polish: kuszać

References

Olander, Thomas (2001), “kušati: kušajǫ kušajetь”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a smage (PR 123, 133)”

Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1987), “*kušati (sę)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 13 (*kroměžirъ – *kyžiti), Moscow: Nauka, page 138
Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “кушать”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1989), “кушати”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volume 3 (Кора – М), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, →ISBN, page 169
Georgiev V. I., editor (1986), “кушам”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 3, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 174

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[1] Olander, Thomas (2001), “kušati: kušajǫ kušajetь”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a smage (PR 123, 133)”