Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/o(b)sada

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From *o(b)- +‎ *sadъ (“seat, setting”) + *-а, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sed- (“to sit”). Akin to Latin obsideō (“to besiege; to inhabit”).

Noun

*o(b)sada f

settlement, administrative unit (West Slavic)
siege (South and East Slavic)
Synonym: *obloga

Declension

Declension of *o(b)sada (hard a-stem)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*o(b)sada	*o(b)sadě	*o(b)sady
Accusative	*o(b)sadǫ	*o(b)sadě	*o(b)sady
Genitive	*o(b)sady	*o(b)sadu	*o(b)sadъ
Locative	*o(b)sadě	*o(b)sadu	o(b)sadasъ, o(b)sadaxъ^*
Dative	*o(b)sadě	*o(b)sadama	*o(b)sadamъ
Instrumental	o(b)sadojǫ, o(b)sadǫ^**	*o(b)sadama	*o(b)sadami
Vocative	*o(b)sado	*o(b)sadě	*o(b)sady

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Related terms

*sěsti (“to sit down”)
*sěděti (“to sit”)
*saditi (“to plant”)
*orzsadъ (“seedlings”)
*posadъ (“saplings”)
*nasaďenьje (“plantation”)

Derived terms

*o(b)saditi (“to siege, to surround”)
*o(b)sadьnъ (“sieged, surrounded”)

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: обсада (obsada)
- Belarusian: aса́да (asáda, “nozzle”)
- Russian: оса́да (osáda)
- Ukrainian: оса́да (osáda, “settlement”)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic: обсада (obsada)
- Bulgarian: обсада (obsada)
- Macedonian: опсада (opsada)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic: о̏псада
  
  Latin: ȍpsada
- Slovene: osàd m
West Slavic:
- Czech: osada (“settlement”)
- Polish: obsada (“cast”), osada (“settlement”)
- Slovak: osada (“settlement”)
- Sorbian:
  - Upper Sorbian: wosada