< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/orbъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *árbas, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃órbʰos (“orphan”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ὀρφανός (orphanós, “orphaned”), Latin orbus (“orphaned”), Old Armenian որբ (orb, “orphan; orphaned”) and Sanskrit अर्भ (árbha, “child; small”). Per Derksen, probably also cognate with Proto-Germanic *arbaidiz.

Noun

*õrbъ m[1][2][3]

  1. servant, slave

Declension
Declension of *õrbъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm b)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative *õrbъ *ōrbà *ōrbì
Accusative *õrbъ *ōrbà *ōrbỳ
Genitive *ōrbà *ōrbù *õrbъ
Locative *ōrbě̀ *ōrbù *õrběxъ
Dative *ōrbù *ōrbòma *ōrbòmъ
Instrumental *ōrbъ̀mь, *ōrbòmь* *ōrbòma *õrby
Vocative *orbe *ōrbà *ōrbì
* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Derived terms
  • *orběti
  • *orbinъ
  • *orbiti (“to do, to work”)
  • *orbota (“work”)
  • *orbovati
  • *orbyni (“female slave, maid”)
  • *orbьcь
  • *orbьja
  • *orbьjь (“laborous”)
  • *orbьnъ
  • *orbьskъ
  • *orbьstvo
  • *orb(j)enьje
  • *orbotati
  • *orbotędzь / *orbotęgъ / *orbotęga
  • *orbotiti
  • *orbotizna / *orbotiznь
  • *orboťь
  • *orbotъka
  • *orbotьlivъ
  • *orbotьnъ
  • *orbotьnica
  • *orbotьnikъ
  • *orbotьničь
  • *paorbъkъ

Descendants

Note that the descendants exhibit a metathesis of the liquid r (*or- > ro-; ra-):

  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: робъ (robŭ)
      • Old Ruthenian: робъ (rob)
  • South Slavic:
  • West Slavic:
  • Non-Slavic:
    • → Hungarian: rab
    • → Romanian: rob

Further reading

References
  1. Derksen, Rick (2008), “*orbъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 373: “m. o ‘servant, slave’”
  2. Olander, Thomas (2001), “orbъ”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b? slave (PR 134)”
  3. Snoj, Marko (2016), “rọ̑b”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar3 (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “*orbъ̏”
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