Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/vьrvь

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *wírwis, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wer-.

Noun

*vь̑rvь f[1][2]

rope, cord, string

Alternative forms

*vьrvi (ī-stem)
*vеrvь, *vеrvьka (East Slavic)

Declension

Declension of *vь̑rvь (i-stem, accent paradigm c)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*vь̑rvь	*vь̑rvi	*vь̑rvi
Accusative	*vь̑rvь	*vь̑rvi	*vь̑rvi
Genitive	*vьrví	vьrvьjù, vьrvľu^*	*vьrvь̀jь
Locative	*vьrví	vьrvьjù, vьrvľu^*	*vь̑rvьxъ
Dative	*vь̑rvi	*vьrvьmà	*vь̑rvьmъ
Instrumental	*vьrvьjǫ́	*vьrvьmà	*vьrvьmì
Vocative	*vьrvi	*vь̑rvi	*vь̑rvi

^* The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Derived terms

*vьrvьje
*vьrvьca, *vьrvica, *vьrvьčica (diminutive)
*vьrviti (“to thread, to proceed”)

Related terms

*veriga
*verenica
*obvora

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: вьрвь (vĭrvĭ)
  - Russian: ве́рвь (vérvʹ) (dialectal)
  - ⇒ Ukrainian: верве́чка (vervéčka)
- ⇒ Russian: верёвка (verjóvka)
  - → Belarusian: вяроўка (vjaróŭka)
  - → Ukrainian: вірьовка (virʹovka)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Old Cyrillic: врьвь (vrĭvĭ)
  
  Glagolitic: ⰲⱃⱐⰲⱐ (vrĭvĭ)
- Bulgarian: връв (vrǎv)
- Serbo-Croatian: (obsolescent)
  Cyrillic: вр̑в, вр̑вца
  
  Latin: vȓv, vȓvca
- Slovene: vȓv (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: vrv

From *vьrvьca

Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: вр̀пца

Latin: vr̀pca
Macedonian: врвца (vrvca)

References

Olander, Thomas (2001), “vьrvь”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “f. c (SA 156; PR 138)”
Snoj, Marko (2016), “vrv”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar³ (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *vь̑rvь”

Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “вервь”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “верёвка”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
Georgiev V. I., editor (1971), “връв”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 187
“virvė”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012

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[1] Olander, Thomas (2001), “vьrvь”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “f. c (SA 156; PR 138)”

[2] Snoj, Marko (2016), “vrv”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar³ (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *vь̑rvь”