< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/veriga
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From *ver- + *-iga, most likely from Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to rotate”). Cognates would include Lithuanian vérti, veriù, Latvian vẽrt, Ancient Greek ἀείρω (aeírō).
The etynom is also encountered as веруга (veruga) in Bulgarian. Some scholars, such as prof. Ivan Tonev, interpret the fluctuation between -и-/-у- as evidence for potential Turkic origin, akin to Turkish örgü (“knit”) from Turkish örmek (“to plait”).
Declension
Declension of *veriga (hard a-stem)
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *veriga | *veridzě | *verigy |
| Accusative | *verigǫ | *veridzě | *verigy |
| Genitive | *verigy | *verigu | *verigъ |
| Locative | *veridzě | *verigu | *verigasъ, *verigaxъ* |
| Dative | *veridzě | *verigama | *verigamъ |
| Instrumental | *verigojǫ, *verigǫ** | *verigama | *verigami |
| Vocative | *verigo | *veridzě | *verigy |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Related terms
- *verěja
- *vernь
- *vьrvь
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic: —
- Non-Slavic:
- → Romanian: verigă
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “верига”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993), “вериги”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 1 (а – пантомима), 3rd edition, Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 143
- Georgiev V. I., editor (1971), “верига”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 135
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