< Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic

Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/biŕ

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *bẹ-/*bi- +‎ *-ŕ.

Pronoun

*biŕ

we

Inflection

Declension of Proto-Turkic/biŕ

nominative	*biŕ
accusative	*biŕni
genitive	*biŕniŋ
dative	*biŕke
instrumental	*biŕ bile
locative	*biŕte
ablative	*biŕten

Postposition

*biŕ

Denotes "to be" for first person plural when at the end of an object; are
Denotes first person plural after various tenses

Related terms

*siŕ (“you (plural)”)

Descendants

Oghur:
- Chuvash: эпир (ep̬ir)
Common Turkic: *biz

Arghu:
- Khalaj: biz
Oghuz:
- Proto-Oghuz: *biz
  - Old Anatolian Turkish: بز‎ (biz), ـوز‎ (-viz)
    - Azerbaijani: biz
    - Ottoman Turkish: بز‎ (biz), ـز‎ (-z, -iz)
      - Turkish: biz, -iz
      - Gagauz: biz
  - ⇒ Salar: piser
  - Turkmen: biz, -iz
Karluk:
- Karakhanid: بِزْ‎ (biz)
  - Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (biz), [script needed] (biz)
    - Chagatai: [script needed] (biz)
      - Uzbek: biz
      - Uyghur: بىز‎ (biz)
Kipchak:
- Kipchak: بز‎ (biz)
  - Mamluk-Kipchak: بز‎ (biz)
  - North Kipchak:
    - Bashkir: беҙ (beð)
    - Tatar: без (bez)
  - West Kipchak:
    - Crimean Tatar: biz
    - Karachay-Balkar: биз (biz)
    - Kumyk: биз (biz)
  - South Kipchak:
    - Caspian:
      - Kazakh: біз (bız)
      - Karakalpak: biz
      - Nogai: биз (biz)
    - Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
      - Kyrgyz: биз (biz)
      - Southern Altai: бис (bis)
Siberian:
- Old Turkic: 𐰋𐰃𐰕‎ (b²iz /biz/)
  - Old Uyghur: pʾz (biz)
    - Western Yugur: [script needed] (pız)
- North Siberian:
  - Dolgan: биһиги (bihigi)
  - Yakut: биһиги (bihigi)
- South Siberian:
  - Sayan Turkic:
    - Tofa: биъс (bis)
    - Tuvan: бис (bis)
  - Yenisei Turkic:
    - Khakas: пiс (pis)
    - Shor: пiс (pis)

Further reading

Starostin, Sergei; Dybo, Anna; Mudrak, Oleg (2003), “*bĭ̀”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill

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