< Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic

Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/topïk

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

From *top (“round thing”) +‎ *-ïk (diminutive suffix).[1] Compare Proto-Mongolic *toyig (“knee; huckle-bone (of animals)”), Proto-Tungusic *topig (“knee”). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

The Turkic intervocalic -p- has been changed to intervocalic hiatus in borrowings of Mongolic, to make it suitable for Mongolic phonetics[2]:

comparanda

Proto-Turkic *kopuŕ (a musical (string) instrument), Proto-Mongolic *kuxur (“a musical (string) instrument”); Proto-Turkic *kap- (“to close”), Proto-Mongolic *kaxa- (“to close”); Proto-Turkic *čï̄pgan (“furuncle; rash, pimple”), Proto-Mongolic *ciyigan (“tumour, albugo”); Proto-Turkic *kapïrčak (“box, coffin; basket”), Proto-Mongolic *kaxurcag or *kayircag (“small box, chest”); Proto-Turkic *köp- (“to swell”), *köpük (“foam”), Proto-Mongolic *köxe- (“to foam, swell up”), Proto-Tungusic *xopu-n (“foam”); Proto-Turkic *sipür- (“to sweep”), *sipür (“broom”), Proto-Mongolic *sixür- (“to sweep”), *sixür (“broom, besom”), etc.

Noun

*topïk (Common Turkic)

  1. small ball, pellet
  2. knee cap
  3. knee
  4. anklebone; heel bone

Declension
Declension of *topïk (Common Turkic)
singular plural2)
nominative *topïk *topïklar
accusative
genitive *topïknïŋ *topïklarnïŋ
dative *topïkka *topïklarka
locative *topïkta *topïklarda
ablative *topïktan *topïklardan
instrumental1) *topïklarïn
equative1) *topïkča *topïklarča
1)The original instrumental and equative cases have fallen into disuse in many Common Turkic languages.
2)This plural suffix is used only on Common Turkic, and not in Oghur. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.

Descendants
  • → Proto-Mongolic: *toyig
  • → Proto-Tungusic: *topig
  • Oghuz:
    • Old Anatolian Turkish:
    • Turkmen: topuk
  • Karluk:
    • Karakhanid: [script needed] (topık, “small ball, pellet; ankle bone”)
      • Uzbek: topiq
      • Uyghur: توپۇق‎ (topuq, “kneecap; patella”)
  • Kipchak:
    • North Kipchak:
      • Bashkir: тубыҡ (tubıq)
      • Tatar: [script needed] (tubıq)
    • West Kipchak:
    • South Kipchak:
      • Caspian:
        • Karakalpak: tobiʻq
        • Kazakh: тобық (tobyq)
        • Nogai: [script needed] (tobıq)
      • Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
  • Siberian:
    • North Siberian:
    • South Siberian:
      • Sayan:
        • Tuvan: довук (dovuk)
        • Tofa: [script needed] (to'puq)
      • Yenisei:
        • Old Uyghur: [script needed] (topïq)
        • Khakas: томых (tomıx, “kneecap”)
        • Western Yugur: tōq

References
  1. Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “topuk”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
  2. Clauson, Gerard (1962) Turkish and Mongolian studies‎, London: Royal Asiatic Society, page 219
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.