adcí
Old Irish
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Proto-Celtic *adkʷiseti, from ad- + Proto-Celtic *kʷiseti, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷeys- (“to observe”), the only other reflex of which in Celtic is Gaulish pissiumi (“I will see”). The deuterotonic perfect forms and the present indicative ro-form ad·rodarcar are from Proto-Celtic *darke, an ā-preterite derived from Proto-Indo-European *derḱ- (“to see”).
Cognate with Sanskrit चायति (cā́yati, “perceives”), Old Avestan 𐬗𐬋𐬌𐬱𐬙 (cōišt, “assign, allocate”). The ro-forms are cognate with Sanskrit दृश् (dṛś, “to see”), Ancient Greek δέρκομαι (dérkomai, “(I) see, watch; shine”), Old English torht (“bright, clear”), Albanian dritë (“light”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /aðˈkʲiː/
Verb
ad·cí (prototonic ·aicci, verbal noun aicsiu)
- to see, to behold
- to perceive
- (in passive) to seem, to appear
- c. 750, Preface to Saint Patrick's Breastplate, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus, (1901–03, Cambridge University Press; reprinted 1975, 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, 2:354–58:
- conid annsin atchessa fiad lucht na netarnade comtis aige alta ⁊ iarróe ina ndiaid .i. Benen
- And then it appeared before those lying in ambush that they were wild deer with a fawn (Benén) following them.
- conid annsin atchessa fiad lucht na netarnade comtis aige alta ⁊ iarróe ina ndiaid .i. Benen
- c. 750, Preface to Saint Patrick's Breastplate, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus, (1901–03, Cambridge University Press; reprinted 1975, 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, 2:354–58:
For more quotations using this term, see Citations:adcí.
Usage notes
The present-tense ro-forms ·airciu, ad·rodarcar, etc., mean “can see”, “can be seen”, etc.
Conjugation
| 1st sg. | 2nd sg. | 3rd sg. | 1st pl. | 2nd pl. | 3rd pl. | Passive sg. | Passive pl. | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present indicative | Deut. | ad·cíu, ad·cím | ad·cí | ad·cí, ad·cíi; atob·cí (with infixed pronoun dob-) | ad·ciam | ad·cíd | ad·ciat | ad·cíther; ad·rodarcar (ro-form) | ad·cíter |
| Prot. | ·aicciu, ·accim; ·airciu (ro-form) | ·aci, ·accai | ·aicci | ·accam, ·aciam | ·accid | ·acat, ·accat | ·acastar, ·accastar; ·aiccither | ||
| Imperfect indicative | Deut. | ad·cíd | ad·cítis | ad·cíthe | ad·cítis | ||||
| Prot. | ·aiccinn | ·aicthe | |||||||
| Preterite | Deut. | co·n-acca | co·n-acca | co·n-accae | co·n-accamar | co·n-accatar | ad·cess | ad·cessa; at·chessa (with infixed pronoun d-) | |
| Prot. | ·acca | ·acca | ·accae, ·acæ | ·accamar | ·accatar | ·aicces, ·aiccess | ·aicessa | ||
| Perfect | Deut. | ad·condarc | ad·condarc | ad·condairc | ad·condarcmar | ad·condarcaid | ad·condarctar | ||
| Prot. | ·acca | ·acca | ·accae | ·accamar | ·accatar | ||||
| Future | Deut. | ad·cichi, ad·cichither | ad·cichset | ad·cichestar, ad·cigestar | ad·cichsiter | ||||
| Prot. | ·accus | ·aiccigi | ·aiccichet | ||||||
| Conditional | Deut. | ad·ciched | ad·cichitis | ||||||
| Prot. | ·aicciged | ||||||||
| Present subjunctive | Deut. | ad·cear | ad·ced, ad·ceid | ad·cetar, ad·ceter | ad·cethar | ||||
| Prot. | ·accar | ·aicther | ·acathar, ·accathar; ·accadar | ·accamar | ·accatar | ·accastar; ·arcastar (ro-form) | |||
| Past subjunctive | Deut. | ad·ceinn | ad·cetha | ad·ceth | ad·cethe, ad·ceithe | ad·ceitis | ad·cethe, ad·ceithe | ||
| Prot. | ·accinn | ·aicced | ·accaitis | ·aiciste | ·aiccitis | ||||
| Imperative | |||||||||
| Verbal noun | aicsiu | ||||||||
| Past participle | |||||||||
| Verbal of necessity | |||||||||
Derived terms
- fris·acci
- imm·acci
Related terms
Mutation
| Old Irish mutation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
| ad·cí | ad·chí | ad·cí pronounced with /-ɡ(ʲ)-/ |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | ||
References
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “ad·cí”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language