anti-
English
Etymology
From Ancient Greek ἀντι- (anti-, “against”). Doublet of and- and ante-.
Prefix
anti-
- Against, hostile to.
- Contrasting with the norm.
- Opposite of, reverse.
- Physically opposite: applied to mountain ranges.
- Anti-Lebanon, Anti-Taurus, Anti-Atlas
- Counteracting, neutralizing.
- (particle physics) Related to antiparticles or antimatter.
- (immunology) That reacts with immunoglobins found in the specified animal.
- (games, game theory) Indicating that a game's conventional victory conditions have been reversed: misère.
- antichess, anticheckers
Usage notes
- anti- should not be confused with the prefix ante- of Latin (not Greek) origin meaning “before”. (However, anti- does exist as a variant spelling of ante- in some borrowed words, such as anticipate and antipasto, but this spelling cannot be used to coin English words.)
- anti- sometimes becomes ant- before words beginning in a vowel, as does ante-: antacid.
- In British English, the anti- forms are often hyphenated as evidenced by OED's many anti- entries using hyphen. However, the exact convention significantly varies.
- GPO manual recommends using a hyphen when prefixing capitalized words except when usage dictates otherwise.[1] This is matched by usual practice: anti-American or anti-Christian.
Antonyms
- (against, hostile to): pro-
Derived terms
Translations
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
See also
References
- 6. Compounding Rules in U.S. Government Printing Office Style Manual, govinfo.gov
Further reading
- anti- at OneLook Dictionary Search
- “anti-”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.
- John A. Simpson and Edmund S. C. Weiner, editors (1989), “anti-”, in The Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN. -- lists many derived terms
Catalan
Derived terms
Further reading
- “anti-” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “anti-”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2023
- “anti-” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
Czech
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈantɪ]
Derived terms
Further reading
- anti- in Slovník afixů užívaných v češtině, 2017
Dutch
Etymology
Ultimately from Ancient Greek ἀντι- (anti-).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɑn.ti/
Audio (file)
Derived terms
Descendants
- → Indonesian: anti-
Esperanto
Etymology
Derived from Ancient Greek ἀντι- (anti-, “against”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈanti]
- Rhymes: -anti
- Hyphenation: an‧ti
Derived terms
Finnish
Etymology
Internationalism (see English anti-), ultimately from Ancient Greek ἀντι- (anti-).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɑnti-/, [ˈɑn̪t̪i-]
Derived terms
French
Etymology
From Ancient Greek ἀντι- (anti-, “against”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɑ̃.ti/
Audio (file)
Derived terms
Further reading
- “anti-”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Galician
Etymology
From Ancient Greek ἀντι- (anti-, “against”).
Derived terms
Further reading
- “anti-” in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega, Royal Galician Academy.
Garo
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Classifier
anti-
- classifier for weeks
Synonyms
German
Etymology
From Ancient Greek ἀντι- (anti-, “against”), influenced by Latin borrowings from Greek beginning with anti- (like Antichristus) and German borrowings from Latin or Greek.
Pronunciation
Audio (file)
Derived terms
Hungarian
Etymology
From Ancient Greek ἀντί (antí, “against”).[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈɒnti]
- Hyphenation: an‧ti
Derived terms
See also
- Appendix:Hungarian prefixes
References
- Tótfalusi, István. Idegenszó-tár: Idegen szavak értelmező és etimológiai szótára (’A Storehouse of Foreign Words: an explanatory and etymological dictionary of foreign words’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2005. →ISBN
Ido
Etymology
Borrowed from English anti-, French anti-, German anti-, Italian anti-, Spanish anti-, Russian анти- (anti-), all ultimately from Ancient Greek ἀντί (antí).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈan.ti/
Prefix
anti-
- anti-, contra-, counter- (for use mainly in scientific terms)
- anti- + toxino (“toxin”) → antitoxino (“antitoxin”)
Synonyms
Derived terms
Indonesian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [anti]
- Hyphenation: an‧ti
Derived terms
Further reading
- “anti-” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Language Development and Fostering Agency — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.
Italian
Etymology 2
From Ancient Greek ἀντι- (anti-, “against”).
Derived terms
Malay
Etymology
From Dutch anti-, from Ancient Greek ἀντι- (anti-, “against”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /anti/
- Rhymes: -anti, -nti, -ti, -i
Prefix
anti- (Jawi spelling انت)
Usage notes
- Before proper nouns and numerals, this prefix must be followed by a dash '-'.
- Before other types of nouns, no dash is needed.
Further reading
- “anti-” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
Portuguese
Etymology
Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀντί (antí, “against”).
Derived terms
Spanish
Etymology
From Ancient Greek ἀντί (antí, “against”).
Further reading
- “anti-”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
Swedish
Etymology
From Ancient Greek ἀντί (antí, “against”).