逆

逆 U+9006, 逆
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9006
← 逅
[U+9005] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 逇 →
[U+9007]

Translingual

Han character

逆 (Kangxi radical 162, 辵+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 卜廿山 (YTU), four-corner 38304, composition ⿺辶屰)

Derived characters

References
  • KangXi: page 1256, character 30
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38849
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1741, character 12
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3833, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+9006

Chinese
trad. 逆
simp. # 逆
alternative forms 屰
𨒫

Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (屰) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
斥 *ŋ̊ʰjaːɡs, *ŋ̊ʰjaːɡ
訴 *sŋaːɡs
泝 *sŋaːɡs
愬 *sŋaːɡs, *sŋreːɡ
遡 *sŋaːɡs
塑 *sŋaːɡs
溯 *sŋaːɡs
遻 *ŋaːɡs
柝 *tŋ̊ʰaːɡ
鶚 *ŋaːɡ
諤 *ŋaːɡ
齶 *ŋaːɡ
鍔 *ŋaːɡ
遌 *ŋaːɡ
崿 *ŋaːɡ
偔 *ŋaːɡ
堮 *ŋaːɡ
湂 *ŋaːɡ
鱷 *ŋaːɡ
噩 *ŋaːɡ
咢 *ŋaːɡ
鑩 *ŋaːɡ
鄂 *ŋaːɡ
鰐 *ŋaːɡ
萼 *ŋaːɡ
愕 *ŋaːɡ
顎 *ŋaːɡ
朔 *sŋraːɡ
槊 *sraːwɢ
蒴 *sraːwɢ
坼 *tŋ̊ʰraːɡ
拆 *tŋ̊ʰraːɡ
逆 *ŋraɡ
屰 *ŋraɡ
縌 *ŋraɡ
蝷 *reːɡ

Ideogrammic compound (會意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ŋraɡ) : semantic 辶 (“movement”) + phonetic 屰 (OC *ŋraɡ, “go against”) – going in the opposite direction, contrary, disobedient.

Also originally written 屰, see there for more.

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ŋra-k/ŋ (“to meet; to encounter”). Cognate with 迎 (OC *ŋaŋ, *ŋraŋs, “to receive, to welcome; to face, to go against”) and 額 (OC *ŋɡraːɡ, “forehead”).

Pronunciation

Note:
  • jik6 - literary;
  • ngaak6 - vernacular.
Note:
  • gia̍k/ge̍k - literary;
  • ke̍h - 桀 is used in the Mainland China.
Note:
  • ngêg8/ngiag8 - literary;
  • gêh8 - vernacular.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 逆
Mandarin Beijing /ni⁵¹/
Harbin /ni⁵³/
Tianjin /ni⁵³/
Jinan /ȵi⁴²/ 新
/i⁴²/
Qingdao /ni⁴²/
Zhengzhou /i⁴²/
Xi'an /ni²¹/
Xining /mji²¹³/
Yinchuan /ni¹³/
Lanzhou /ȵi¹³/
Ürümqi /ȵi²¹³/
Wuhan /ni²¹³/
Chengdu /ȵie³¹/
Guiyang /ni²¹/
Kunming /ni³¹/
Nanjing /liʔ⁵/
Hefei /liəʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /niəʔ⁵⁴/
Pingyao /niʌʔ⁵³/
Hohhot /niəʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /ȵiɪʔ¹/
Suzhou /ȵiəʔ³/
Hangzhou /ȵiəʔ²/
Wenzhou /ȵai²¹³/
Hui Shexian /ni²²/
Tunxi
Xiang Changsha /ȵi²⁴/
Xiangtan /ȵi²⁴/
Gan Nanchang
Hakka Meixian /ŋiak̚⁵/
Taoyuan /ŋiɑk̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /jek̚²/
Nanning /nek̚²²/
/ŋek̚²²/
Hong Kong /jik̚²/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /gik̚⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /ŋiʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /ŋɛ⁴²/
Shantou (Min Nan) /ŋek̚⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /ŋek̚³/
Rime
Character 逆
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 疑 (31)
Final (韻) 庚 (115)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 宜戟切
Baxter ngjaek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ŋˠiæk̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ŋᵚiak̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ŋiak̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ŋiajk̚/
Li
Rong		 /ŋiɐk̚/
Wang
Li		 /ŋĭɐk̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ŋiɐk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 yì
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 jik6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 逆
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 nì
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ ngjæk ›
Old
Chinese		 /*ŋrak/
English go against

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 逆
Reading # 1/1
No. 9474
Phonetic
component		 屰
Rime
group		 鐸
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 逆
Old
Chinese		 /*ŋraɡ/

Definitions

逆

  1. † to greet; to meet; to welcome
  2. † to accept
  3. to go against; to disobey
    逆流  ―  nìliú  ―  to go against the current
  4. to oppose; to resist
  5. opposite
    逆行  ―  nìxíng  ―  to go against the traffic
  6. † in advance
  7. † adverse; unfavourable
    逆境  ―  nìjìng  ―  adverse situations
  8. † rebel; traitor

Compounds
Derived terms from 逆

Japanese
Shinjitai 逆
Kyūjitai
[1]
逆󠄁
逆+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
逆󠄃
逆+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji
逆

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. reverse, opposite, upside-down
  2. opposition, rebellion

Readings

Compounds
Compounds

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
逆
ぎゃく
Grade: 5
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 逆 (MC ŋˠiæk̚).

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) ぎゃく [gyàkú] (Heiban – [0])[2]
  • IPA(key): [ɡʲa̠kɯ̟ᵝ]

Adjective

逆(ぎゃく) • (gyaku) -na (adnominal 逆(ぎゃく)な (gyaku na), adverbial 逆(ぎゃく)に (gyaku ni))

  1. reverse; contrary; opposite
    位置(いち)が逆(ぎゃく)なことに気(き)づく
    ichi ga gyaku na koto ni kizuku
    to notice that the positions are switched
    すごすぎて逆(ぎゃく)に普通(ふつう)
    sugosugite gyaku ni futsū
    so extraordinary that it's actually not that interesting
    クソすぎて逆(ぎゃく)に見(み)たい
    kusosugite gyaku ni mitai
    so shitty that on the contrary, I do want to see
    逆(ぎゃく)に知(し)りたい
    gyaku ni shiritai
    honestly, I want to know too
  2. (logic) converse
Inflection
Inflection of 逆
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形) 逆だろ ぎゃくだろ gyaku daro
Continuative (連用形) 逆で ぎゃくで gyaku de
Terminal (終止形) 逆だ ぎゃくだ gyaku da
Attributive (連体形) 逆な ぎゃくな gyaku na
Hypothetical (仮定形) 逆なら ぎゃくなら gyaku nara
Imperative (命令形) 逆であれ ぎゃくであれ gyaku de are
Key constructions
Informal negative 逆ではない
逆じゃない		 ぎゃくではない
ぎゃくじゃない		 gyaku de wa nai
gyaku ja nai
Informal past 逆だった ぎゃくだった gyaku datta
Informal negative past 逆ではなかった
逆じゃなかった		 ぎゃくではなかった
ぎゃくじゃなかった		 gyaku de wa nakatta
gyaku ja nakatta
Formal 逆です ぎゃくです gyaku desu
Formal negative 逆ではありません
逆じゃありません		 ぎゃくではありません
ぎゃくじゃありません		 gyaku de wa arimasen
gyaku ja arimasen
Formal past 逆でした ぎゃくでした gyaku deshita
Formal negative past 逆ではありませんでした
逆じゃありませんでした		 ぎゃくではありませんでした
ぎゃくじゃありませんでした		 gyaku de wa arimasen deshita
gyaku ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive 逆で ぎゃくで gyaku de
Conditional 逆なら（ば） ぎゃくなら（ば） gyaku nara (ba)
Provisional 逆だったら ぎゃくだったら gyaku dattara
Volitional 逆だろう ぎゃくだろう gyaku darō
Adverbial 逆に ぎゃくに gyaku ni
Degree 逆さ ぎゃくさ gyakusa
See also

Noun

逆(ぎゃく) • (gyaku) 

  1. reverse; contrary; opposite
    逆(ぎゃく)のアプローチ
    gyaku no apurōchi
    an opposite approach
  2. (logic) converse
Antonyms

Affix

逆(ぎゃく) • (gyaku) 

  1. reverse; contrary; opposite
    逆(ぎゃく)方(ほう)向(こう)
    gyakuhōkō
    opposite direction

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
逆
さか
Grade: 5
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 逆 – see the following entry.
【さか】
[noun] (uncommon) being upside-down, reversed, etc.
[prefix] contrary, anti-, contra-
Alternative spellings
逆, 倒
(This term, 逆, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

References
  1. “逆”, in 漢字ぺディア (Kanjipedia)‎ (in Japanese), 日本漢字能力検定協会, 2015—2023
  2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

逆 (eumhun 거스를 역 (geoseureul yeok))

  1. Hanja form? of 역 (“reverse; contrary; opposite”).

Compounds

Vietnamese

Han character

逆: Hán Nôm readings: nghịch, nghếch, nghệch, nghạch, ngược

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