joka

joka

1. Short form of jokatu.

From Proto-Finnic *jo- (pronominal stem), from Proto-Finno-Permic *jo. The nominative and genitive singular forms, which would have otherwise been monosyllabic, have been extended with -ka (as with kuka and mikä). Related to Karelian joka, Votic jõka, Northern Sami juogọ, Erzya юза тоза (juza toza) and Eastern Mari юж (juž).

• IPA^(key): /ˈjokɑ/, [ˈjo̞kɑ̝]
• Rhymes: -okɑ
• Syllabification^(key): jo‧ka

joka

1. (relative) who, which, that (see usage notes)

• (relative):
  • joka refers only to the previous word or phrase, as opposed to a whole clause, in which case mikä is used.[1]

    Ostin uuden puhelimen, joka on toiminut hyvin. ("that" refers to the phone)

    I bought a new phone that has been working well.

    Ostin uuden puhelimen, mikä oli ihan hyvä kokemus. ("which" refers to the purchase)

    I bought a new phone, which was quite a good experience.

    Tässä on mies, joka sen teki.

    This is the man who did it.

    En tiedä, mitä hän haluaa. (no referent in the preceding clause)

    I don't know what he wants.

  • In colloquial usage, this distinction is usually not as clear-cut. Using the wrong relative pronoun is however seen as incorrect, e.g. in schools.
  • If the previous word is a pronoun not referring to a person, there exists variation between joka and mikä. In general, the former is used with more concrete or specifically defined concepts, while the latter is used with more abstract, less defined concepts. With locations, both joka and mikä can be used. With persons, joka is always used.

    se, jonka ostin ― the one that I bought

    se, mikä on tehtävä ― that which must be done

    se, joka ei sääntöjä noudata ― that who does not obey the rules

    paikka, jossa kävimme / paikka, missä kävimme ― the place (that) we visited

• In many Eastern Finnish dialects, the indeclinable stem -ka is extended to all forms. These can occur in standard Finnish on occasion, but are considered colloquial or dialectal.

  joidenka, jotenka, joihinka, jonneka

Irregular. Some cases are practically never used. The conjunction jos is etymologically the s-lative singular of this pronoun.

joka

1. every, each

   Hän käy lenkillä joka päivä.

   She goes jogging every day.

   joka kerta ― every time

   joka puolella/puolelta/puolelle, joka paikassa/paikasta/paikkaan ― everywhere

   joka tapauksessa ― in any case, at any rate

   joka toinen vuosi ― every two years, biannually

• jokainen (close in meaning)

• jako, kajo, koja

joka

1. to flow

   chibima jokangenga

   The river is flowing away

joka

1. break

• jokko

From Proto-Finnic *joka. Cognates include Finnish joka and Karelian joka.

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈjokɑ/, [ˈjo̞kɑ]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈjokɑ/, [ˈjo̞ɡ̊ɑ]
• Rhymes: -okɑ
• Hyphenation: jo‧ka

joka (invariable)

1. every, each
   • 1936, N. A. Iljin and V. I. Junus, Bukvari iƶoroin șkouluja vart, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 49:

     Joka paikaas flakut, väki.

     Everywhere there's flags, there's people

     (literally, “In every place flags, people.”)

   • 1936, L. G. Terehova; V. G. Erdeli, Mihailov and P. I. Maksimov, transl., Geografia: oppikirja iƶoroin alkușkoulun kolmatta klaassaa vart (ensimäine osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-Pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 7:

     No joka predmetan kupahain päivän pittuueel muuttuu.

     But the shadow of every object changes in length during the day.

   joka päivä ― every day

• ikä

• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 105
• Olga I. Konkova; Nikita A. Dyachkov (2014) Inkeroin Keel: Пособие по Ижорскому Языку‎, →ISBN, page 79

joka m

1. genitive singular form of joks

From ji- (“augmentative”) +‎ nyoka (“snake”).

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joka (ma class, plural majoka)

1. Augmentative of nyoka: serpent (big snake)