-ka

-ka

1. Used to form adverbs from nouns.

   ‎tarte (“gap, interval”) + ‎-ka → ‎tarteka (“intermittently”)

   1. looking for

      ‎ote (“gorse, furze”) + ‎-ka → ‎oteka (“looking for gorse”)

   2. divided in, distributed in

      ‎talde (“group”) + ‎-ka → ‎taldeka (“in groups”)

-ka

1. progressive tense marker

   nuiraka : I am drinking

• Swintha Danielsen, Tania Granadillo, Agreement in two Arawak languages, in The Typology of Semantic Alignment (edited by Mark Donohue, Søren Wichmann) (2008, →ISBN), page 398

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ъka.

-ka

1. appended to words to create a feminine version of a noun, especially a profession, origin, or proper name

   ‎lékař + ‎-ka → ‎lékařka

2. appended to words to create a diminutive form of a noun

   ‎vlna + ‎-ka → ‎vlnka

• -ka in Slovník afixů užívaných v češtině, 2017

From Proto-Finnic *-ka, from Proto-Uralic *-ka. Originally probably an emphatic particle.

-ka

1. (non-productive) Used for emphasis or for prosodic purposes

   ei → eikä

   saati → saatikka

   1. (non-productive) Extends monosyllabic stems to avoid words with only a single light syllable.

      jo- → joka, ku- → kuka, mi- → mikä

• This suffix is no longer productive.
• In some words the suffix may appear as -kka; this is either due to the previous word incurring gemination, or from an earlier -hka (with a preceding -h-).

• eikä (the most common usage of this clitic)

From Proto-Finno-Ugric. Compare Finnish -kka.

• IPA^(key): [kɒ]
• Rhymes: -kɒ

-ka

1. (diminutive suffix) Added to a word to express smallness, youth, unimportance, or endearment. When added to present participles, it can also express the instrument or place of the action indicated in the base word.

   cukor (“sugar”) → cukorka (“candy”)

   asztal (“table”) → asztalka (“small table”)

   jár (“to walk”) → járó (“walking”) → járóka (“playpen”)

• (diminutive suffix) Harmonic variants:

  -ka is added to back vowel words

  -ke is added to front vowel words

• -cska
• Appendix:Hungarian suffixes

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ka.

• IPA^(key): /ka/

-ka

1. Second-person absolutive enclitic personal pronoun

From Proto-Finnic *-ka. Cognates include Finnish -ka.

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /-kɑ/, [-kɑ]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /-kɑ/, [-kɑ]

-ka (front-vowel variant -kä)

1. Used to turn a clause interrogative.
2. Used after negative verbs to join two verb clauses: neither, nor, and not

• In the interrogative function, when added to verbs, -ka is only used after the consonant -t. Otherwise, the reduced form -k or its alternative form -ko/-kö is used.
• In the joining function, an alternative -k is (rarely) also used.

-ka (front vowel variant -kä)

1. (unproductive) Used in some words to introduce an interrogative aspect.

   ‎Proto-Finnic *mi- + ‎-ka → ‎mikä

   ‎Proto-Finnic *ku- + ‎-ka → ‎kuka

2. (unproductive) Used in some words to introduce a negative aspect.

Akin to dialectal Finnish -kaa and Estonian -ga.

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /-kɑ/, [-kɑ]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /-kɑ/, [-kɑ]

-ka (front vowel variant -kä)

1. (chiefly Ala-Laukaa) Used to form the comitative case when added to a genitive of a noun.

• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 118

-ka

1. Rōmaji transcription of か

-ka

1. first person singular accusative enclitic

-ka

1. perfective aspect enclitic

   Na-mutung-ka.

   It burned down.

From Proto-Slavic *-ъka.

-ka f

1. added to masculine nouns to form a feminine
2. added to feminine nouns to form a diminutive

• IPA^(key): [-ka]

• (allomorphs) -kkwa

-ka

1. Forms privative transitive verbs from nouns, with a meaning of ‘to deprive of X’, ‘to extract X from’, ‘to X away’: dis-, ex-.

This suffix exists in related languages but is rare in spontaneous speech and possibly non-productive in Maquiritari. When it does occur, it can trigger syllable reduction and in some cases become -kkwa.

-ka

1. Allomorph of -a (nonpast or past imperfective suffix) used for stems with a reducing final syllable that begins with k.

• Cáceres, Natalia (2011), “-ka”, in Grammaire Fonctionnelle-Typologique du Ye’kwana, Lyon, page 148

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ъka.

-ka f

1. feminine noun suffix

   ‎ambroże + ‎-ka → ‎ambrożka

-ka n

1. inflection of -ko:
   1. genitive singular
   2. nominative/vocative plural

Inherited from Old Polish -ka, from Proto-Slavic *-ъka.

• IPA^(key): /ka/

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -a
• Syllabification: ka

-ka f

1. feminine noun suffix

   ‎Azjata + ‎-ka → ‎Azjatka

   Synonym: -na

2. diminutive noun suffix

   ‎część + ‎-ka → ‎cząstka

-ka n

1. inflection of -ko:
   1. genitive singular
   2. nominative/vocative plural

• -ka in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• -ka in Polish dictionaries at PWN

From Proto-Slavic *-ъka.

-ka (Cyrillic spelling -ка)

1. Suffix appended to words to create a feminine noun, denoting a part, profession, feature, membership, origin, social status, complexion, proper name, abstract noun or animal's name.

• -inka
• -enka
• -ovka

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ъka.

• IPA^(key): /ka/

-ka

1. denotes that the word is a feminine version of the word it is appended to

   Talian m (“Italian (man)”) + -ka = Talianka f (“Italian (woman)”)

2. sometimes denotes a word as a diminutive

   mucha f (“fly”) + -ka = muška f (“small fly”)

-ka (feminine -ta)

1. The masculine definite article; the

• This form is used after the consonants -b, -d, -f, -l, -n, -r, -s and -sh.
• After words ending in -g, -aa, -i, -y and -w, the form -ga is used.

• Puglielli, Annarita; Mansuur, Cabdalla Cumar (2012), “ka”, in Qaamuuska Af-Soomaliga, Rome: RomaTrE-Press, →ISBN

From Proto-Slavic *-ъka.

-ka

1. added to masculine nouns to form a feminine
2. added to feminine nouns to form a diminutive

From kaaz, kaa. Compare Estonian -ga, Ingrian -ka.

• IPA^(key): /-kɑː/
• (Luutsa, Liivtšülä) IPA^(key): [-kɑ]

-ka

1. Forms the comitative case to mean "with" (accompanying, implement, etc.); added to the genitive forms.

This suffix is not subject to vowel harmony.