ke- -an

• IPA^(key): /kə an/

From Malay ke- -an, from Old Malay ke- -an, from Proto-Austronesian *ka- -an.

ke- -an

1. -ness; appended to adjectives to form nouns meaning "the state of (the adjective)", "the quality of (the adjective)", or "the measure of (the adjective)"

   kebaratan ― westness

   ketimuran ― eastness

   kebesaran ― hugeness

   kehausan ― thirst

2. -ship; appended to a noun to form a new noun denoting a property or state of being, time spent in a role, or a specialised union.

   kepemimpinan ― leadership

3. -dom; Forming nouns denoting the domain or jurisdiction of the suffixed word.

   kerajaan ― kingdom

4. -ity; Used to form a noun from an adjective; especially, to form the noun referring to the state, property, or quality of conforming to the adjective's description.

   ketercapaian ― accessibility

5. -tion;

   keadaan ― condition

From Betawi ke- -an, from Javanese ke- -an.

ke- -an

1. to suffer or to get of noun or verb bases.

   ‎racun (“poison”) + ‎ke- -an → ‎keracunan (“poisoned”)

   ‎ciprat + ‎ke- -an → ‎kecipratan

   ‎lapar + ‎ke- -an → ‎kelaparan (“to suffer from hunger”)

   ‎hilang + ‎ke- -an → ‎kehilangan (“to suffer the loss of”)

Sometimes denoted as informal or colloquial.

From Javanese ke- -en.

ke- -an

1. (usually colloquial) adjective forming for too [base] or exceed, affixed into adjective, adverb, or noun.

   ‎sempit (“tight”) + ‎ke- -an → ‎kesempitan (“tightness, too tight”)

   ‎kecil (“small”) + ‎ke- -an → ‎kekecilan (“too small”)

   ‎malam (“night”) + ‎ke- -an → ‎kemalaman (“too late”)

From Old Malay ke- -an, from Proto-Austronesian *ka- -an.

• IPA^(key): /kə an/

ke- -an

1. -ness; appended to adjectives to form nouns meaning "the state of (the adjective)", "the quality of (the adjective)", or "the measure of (the adjective)"

   kebaratan ― westness

   ketimuran ― eastness

   kebesaran ― hugeness