leven
English
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈlɛvən/
Audio (Southern England) (file)
- Rhymes: -ɛvən
Etymology 1
See levin.
Etymology 2
See leaven
Verb
leven (third-person singular simple present levens, present participle levening, simple past and past participle levened)
- (obsolete) Alternative spelling of leaven
Part or all of this entry has been imported from the 1913 edition of Webster’s Dictionary, which is now free of copyright and hence in the public domain. The imported definitions may be significantly out of date, and any more recent senses may be completely missing.
(See the entry for leven in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913)
Danish
Etymology 1
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /leːˀvən/, [ˈleˀʋn̩], [ˈlewˀn̩]
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /lɛfən/, [ˈlɛfn̩]
Dutch
Alternative forms
- leeven (obsolete)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈleːvə(n)/
audio (file) - Hyphenation: le‧ven
- Rhymes: -eːvən
Etymology 1
From Middle Dutch leven, from Old Dutch *libben, *livon, from Proto-West Germanic *libbjan.
Inflection
Inflection of leven (weak) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | leven | |||
past singular | leefde | |||
past participle | geleefd | |||
infinitive | leven | |||
gerund | leven n | |||
present tense | past tense | |||
1st person singular | leef | leefde | ||
2nd person sing. (jij) | leeft | leefde | ||
2nd person sing. (u) | leeft | leefde | ||
2nd person sing. (gij) | leeft | leefde | ||
3rd person singular | leeft | leefde | ||
plural | leven | leefden | ||
subjunctive sing.1 | leve | leefde | ||
subjunctive plur.1 | leven | leefden | ||
imperative sing. | leef | |||
imperative plur.1 | leeft | |||
participles | levend | geleefd | ||
1) Archaic. |
Descendants
Etymology 2
From Middle Dutch leven. Gerund of the verb leven.
Derived terms
- hondenleven
- levensbelang
- levensbeschouwing
- levensduur
- levenseinde
- levensgevaar
- levensjaar
- levenslang
- levensleugen
- levenslied
- levensloop
- levenslust
- levensstijl
- levensvorm
Descendants
- Afrikaans: lewe
Anagrams
Middle Dutch
Etymology
From Old Dutch *libben, *livon, from Proto-West Germanic *libbjan.
Inflection
Weak | ||
---|---|---|
Infinitive | lēven | |
3rd sg. past | — | |
3rd pl. past | — | |
Past participle | — | |
Infinitive | lēven | |
In genitive | lēvens | |
In dative | lēvene | |
Indicative | Present | Past |
1st singular | lēve | — |
2nd singular | lēefs, lēves | — |
3rd singular | lēeft, lēvet | — |
1st plural | lēven | — |
2nd plural | lēeft, lēvet | — |
3rd plural | lēven | — |
Subjunctive | Present | Past |
1st singular | lēve | — |
2nd singular | lēefs, lēves | — |
3rd singular | lēve | — |
1st plural | lēven | — |
2nd plural | lēeft, lēvet | — |
3rd plural | lēven | — |
Imperative | Present | |
Singular | lēef, lēve | |
Plural | lēeft, lēvet | |
Present | Past | |
Participle | lēvende | — |
Descendants
Further reading
- “leven (II)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
- Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929), “leven (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page I
Middle English
Etymology 1
From Old English lǣfan, from Proto-West Germanic *laibijan.
Alternative forms
- leaven, lefven
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈlɛːvən/
Conjugation
infinitive | (to) leven, leve | ||
---|---|---|---|
present tense | past tense | ||
1st-person singular | leve | lefte | |
2nd-person singular | levest | leftest | |
3rd-person singular | leveth | lefte | |
subjunctive singular | leve | ||
imperative singular | — | ||
plural1 | leven, leve | leften, lefte | |
imperative plural | leveth, leve | — | |
participles | levynge, levende | left, yleft |
1Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.
References
- “lēven, v.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
Noun
leven
- lightning
- 1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Wyfe of Bathes Prologue”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC:
- With wilde thunder dint and fiery leven.
- (please add an English translation of this quote)
-
Middle Low German
Pronunciation
- Stem vowel: ē²
- (originally) IPA(key): /lɪɛvən/
Conjugation
Plain Infinitive | lēven | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Full Infinitive (Gerund) | tô lēvene or tô lēvende | |||
Verbal Noun | lēven or lēvent | |||
Participles | Imperatives | |||
Present | lēvende | 2nd Person Singular | lēve | |
Past | gelēvet | 2nd Person Plural | lēvet | |
Indicative | Subjunctive | |||
Present | Preterite | Present | Preterite | |
1st Person Singular | lēve | lēvede | lēve | lēvede |
2nd Person Singular | lēvest | lēvedest | lēvest | lēvedest |
3rd Person Singular | lēvet | lēvede | lēvet | lēvede |
Plural | lēven (lēvet?) | lēveden | lēven | lēveden |
Scots
Noun
leven
- A lawn; an open space between woods[1]
- 1803, Walter Scott, Thomas the Rhymer:
- lily leven (a lawn overspread with lilies or flowers)
-
References
- John Jamieson's Dict., p.327 (Abridged, 1867)
Spanish
Verb
leven
- inflection of levar:
- third-person plural present subjunctive
- third-person plural imperative