ten
Translingual
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈtɛn]
Noun
ten
- (international standards) NATO, ICAO, ITU & IMO radiotelephony code for 10, used only with o'clock to indicate direction
English
100 | ||||
← 1 | ← 9 | 10 | 11 → | 20 → |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | ||||
Cardinal: ten Ordinal: tenth Latinate ordinal: denary Adverbial: ten times Multiplier: tenfold Latinate multiplier: decuple Collective: tensome Multiuse collective: decuplet Greek or Latinate collective: decad, decade Metric collective prefix: deca- Greek collective prefix: deca- Latinate collective prefix: deca- Fractional: tenth Metric fractional prefix: deci- Elemental: decuplet Greek prefix: decato- Number of musicians: decet Number of years: decade, decennium |
Etymology

From Middle English ten, tene, from Old English tīen, from Proto-West Germanic *tehun, from Proto-Germanic *tehun, from Proto-Indo-European *déḱm̥.
Cognate with Scots ten, tene (“ten”), West Frisian tsien (“ten”), Saterland Frisian tjoon (“ten”), North Frisian tiin (“ten”), Dutch tien (“ten”), German zehn (“ten”), Norwegian ti (“ten”), Swedish tio (“ten”).
Non-Germanic cognates include Albanian dhjetë, Old Armenian տասն (tasn), Lithuanian dešimt, Old Church Slavonic десѧть (desętĭ), Old Breton dec, Old Irish deich, Ancient Greek δέκα (déka), Sanskrit दश (dásá), Old Persian *𐎭𐎰 (*d-θ /daθa/), Latin decem, Tocharian A śäk.
See also teen.
Pronunciation
- (Received Pronunciation, General American) enPR: tĕn IPA(key): /tɛn/, [tʰɛn]
- IPA(key): /tɪn/ (pin–pen merger)
Audio (US-Inland North) (file) Audio (US) (file) - Rhymes: -ɛn, Rhymes: -ɪn (pin–pen merger)
- Homophone: tin (with pin-pen merger)
Numeral
ten
- The number occurring after nine and before eleven, represented in Arabic numerals (base ten) as 10 and in Roman numerals as X.
Related terms
Translations
Noun
ten (countable and uncountable, plural tens)
- A set or group with ten elements.
- We divided the chocolates into tens to hand out to Hallowe'en visitors.
- (in the plural) An inexact quantity, typically understood to be between 20 and 100.
- Our houses are tens of meters apart, so we don't have to worry about noise from our neighbours.
- tens of thousands of voters
- (countable, card games) A card in a given suit with a value of ten.
- (countable) A denomination of currency, such as a banknote, with a value of ten units.
- Synonym: tenner
- Can you give me two tens for this twenty?
- (countable, US, slang) A perfect specimen, (particularly) a physically attractive person.
- Synonym: dime piece
- (countable, US, slang) A high level of intensity. (Can we add an example for this sense?)
- (countable, rowing) The act of rowing ten strokes flat out.
- 1911, The Cambridge Review, volume 32, page 486:
- At the 1,000-metres post we gave a ten, which raised our lead to 1⅔ lengths; the Belgians were rowing hard, but one felt that they still had plenty of spurting power.
- 1982, Stanley French, Aspects of Downing history, page 105:
- Morris gave a ten, and an unbelievable surge ran through the boat, one that I had never felt before.
-
Derived terms
Translations
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
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See also
- (prefix): deca-, deka-
- (adjective): decadal, decenary
- (a set of 10 items): decimate, decimal; decaplet, decuplet (of babies, musical notes, or baryons)
- (containing 10 items): decenary
- (related to base-10 numeration): See decimal
- (period of 10 months): decimestrial
- (period of 10 years): See decade and decennium
- (related to a 10-year period): See decadal and decennial
- (10-year anniversary): See decennial
- (rule by 10 people): See decemvirate
- (commander of 10 soldiers): See decener
- (chief of 10 men in early English law): See tithingman
- (payment or collection of a 10% tax): See tithe
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ace | deuce, two | three | four | five | six | seven |
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eight | nine | ten | jack, knave | queen | king | joker |
Atong (India)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ten/
References
- van Breugel, Seino. 2015. Atong-English dictionary, second edition. Available online: https://www.academia.edu/487044/Atong_English_Dictionary. Stated in Appendix 2.
Catalan
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ten/
- Rhymes: -en
Czech
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *tъ, from Proto-Indo-European *só.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈtɛn]
Audio (file)
Declension
singular | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
masculine animate | masculine inanimate | feminine | neuter | |
nominative | ten | ta | to | |
genitive | toho | té | toho | |
dative | tomu | té | tomu | |
accusative | toho | ten | tu | to |
locative | tom | té | tom | |
instrumental | tím | tou | tím | |
plural | ||||
masculine animate | masculine inanimate | feminine | neuter | |
nominative | ti | ty | ta | |
genitive | těch | |||
dative | těm | |||
accusative | ty | ta | ||
locative | těch | |||
instrumental | těmi |
Dutch
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /tɛn/
Audio (file)
Contraction
ten
- to the, at the (followed by a masculine or neuter word)
- ten goede of ten kwade ― for better or for worse
- ten dele ― partly
- ten tijde van ― during the time of
Usage notes
- ten is part of many fossilized idiomatic expressions. Being derived in part from te, it is followed by the (similarly fossilized) dative case.
- ten is commonly used in Dutch family names such as Corrie ten Boom, Bernhard ten Brink, Marti ten Kate, and Simeon ten Holt.
Derived terms
Related terms
Galician
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈtɛŋ/
Verb
ten
References
- “ten” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
Lithuanian
Lower Sorbian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [tɛn]
Declension
Masculine singular | Feminine singular | Neuter singular | Dual | Plural | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ten | ta | to | tej | te |
Genitive | togo | teje | togo | teju | tych |
Dative | tomu | tej | tomu | tyma | tym |
Accusative | ten togo (animate) |
tu | to | tej teju (animate) |
te tych (optional animate form) |
Instrumental | tym | teju | tym | tyma | tymi |
Locative | tom | tej | tom | tyma | tych |
Middle English
100 | ||||
[a], [b] ← 1 | ← 9 | 10 | 11 → | 20 → |
---|---|---|---|---|
1[a], [b] | ||||
Cardinal: ten Ordinal: tenthe, tithe |
Etymology 1
From Old English tīen.
Pronunciation
- (Early ME) IPA(key): /teːn/
- IPA(key): /tɛn/
- Rhymes: -ɛn
References
- “ten, num.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
Etymology 2
From Old English tēon, from Proto-West Germanic *teuhan (“to pull, lead”), from Proto-Germanic *teuhaną (“to draw, lead, bring, pull, help”), from Proto-Indo-European *dewk- (“to pull, lead”).
Verb
ten (third-person singular simple present teth, present participle teende, teynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative tegh, past participle towen)
Conjugation
infinitive | (to) ten, te | ||
---|---|---|---|
present tense | past tense | ||
1st-person singular | te | tegh | |
2nd-person singular | test | towe, tegh | |
3rd-person singular | teth | tegh | |
subjunctive singular | te | towe1 | |
imperative singular | — | ||
plural2 | ten, te | towen, towe | |
imperative plural | teth, te | — | |
participles | teynge, tende | towen, towe |
1Replaced by the indicative in later Middle English.
2Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.
Northern Kurdish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /tɛn/
References
- Chyet, Michael L. (2003), “ten”, in Kurdish–English Dictionary, with selected etymologies by Martin Schwartz, New Haven and London: Yale University Press
Old English
Etymology
See tien
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /teːn/
References
- A. L. Mayhew, M. A. Synopsis of Old English Phonology, 123
Old Polish
Alternative forms
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *tъ.
Declension
This pronoun needs an inflection-table template.
Descendants
- Polish: ten
References
- B. Sieradzka-Baziur, editor (2011–2015), “ten”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
Pipil
Etymology
From Proto-Nahuan *teːn-, from Proto-Uto-Aztecan *tïni. Compare Classical Nahuatl tēntli (“lips”).
Noun
-tēn (plural -tejtēn)
- mouth
- Muchi tikishtukak tik muten kwak tishulutzin katka
- You used to put everything in your mouth when you were a little baby
- edge, brim
- Shiktema ishta ma ne at ajsi ne iten ne tzutzukul
- Fill it up until the water reaches the edge of the jug
- opening
- Inat ka ini tepet kishtia pukti tik iten
- They say this volcano expels smoke form its “opening” (its crater)
Derived terms
- -tēnpan (“edge”)
- -tēnshīpal (“lip”)
- -tēntzun (“moustache” or “beard”)
- tēnkal (“door”, “doorway”)
- tēntzin (“window”)
- tēntzakka (“lid” or “door”)
- -tēnnāmiki (“to kiss”)
- tēnpēlua (“to open one's mouth”)
Polish
Etymology
Inherited from Old Polish ten, from Proto-Slavic *tъ.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /tɛn/
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -ɛn
- Syllabification: ten
Pronoun
ten m
- this (nearby)
m | f | n | vir pl | nvir pl | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nom | ten | ta | to | ci | te |
Gen | tego | tej | tego | tych | |
Dat | temu | tej | temu | tym | |
Acc | tego/ten | tę/tą | to | tych | te |
Instr | tym | tą | tym | tymi | |
Loc | tym | tej | tym | tych |
Usage notes
The feminine accusative singular form tą is only acceptable in colloquial speech, not in formal writing.
Derived terms
Particle
ten
- Filler word.
- A no, ten... ― Ah, yeah...
Trivia
According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), ten is one of the top 10,355 most used words in Polish, appearing 1196 times in scientific texts, 782 times in news, 1457 times in essays, 1080 times in fiction, and 1228 times in plays, totaling 5743 times, making it the 10th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]
References
Further reading
- ten in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- ten in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- “TEN”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 02.12.2008
- Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807-1814), “ten”, in Słownik języka polskiego
- Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861), “ten”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
- J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1919), “ten”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 7, Warsaw, page 42
Romanian
Declension
singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
indefinite articulation | definite articulation | indefinite articulation | definite articulation | |
nominative/accusative | (un) ten | tenul | (niște) tenuri | tenurile |
genitive/dative | (unui) ten | tenului | (unor) tenuri | tenurilor |
vocative | tenule | tenurilor |
Scots
Etymology
From Middle English ten.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /tɛn/
References
- Andy Eagle, ed., (2016) The Online Scots Dictionary, Scots Online.
Slovak
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *tъ, from Proto-Indo-European *só.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /tɛn/
Related terms
Further reading
- ten in Slovak dictionaries at slovnik.juls.savba.sk
Spanish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈten/ [ˈt̪ẽn]
Audio (Colombia) (file) - Rhymes: -en
- Syllabification: ten
Sranan Tongo
Noun
ten
- 1975, Mighty Botai (lyrics and music), “Sranang Kong Fri”, in Onafhankelijkheid (Srefidensi) Suriname:
- Atleba ten no sa de moro ini Sranan / Den bakra, den ben hori wi na baka / Den de bow den kondre kon na fesi / Meki wi e pina
- The period of toiling will be no more in Suriname / The Dutch, they held us back / They built up their country successfully / Made us suffer
-
Sumerian
Swedish
Etymology
From Old Swedish ten, from Old Norse teinn (“sprout, twig, branch”).
Declension
Declension of ten | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | ten | tenen | tenar | tenarna |
Genitive | tens | tenens | tenars | tenarnas |
See also
Tiang
Further reading
- Malcolm Ross, Proto Oceanic and the Austronesian Languages of Western Melanesia, Pacific Linguistics, series C-98 (1988)
Tok Pisin
100 | ||||
← 1 | ← 9 | 10 | 11 → | 20 → |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | ||||
Cardinal: ten |
Usage notes
Used when counting; see also tenpela.
Turkish
Etymology
Inherited from Ottoman Turkish تن (ten), from Persian تن (tan).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /tɛn/
Declension
Inflection | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Nominative | ten | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Definite accusative | teni | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Singular | Plural | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Nominative | ten | tenler | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Definite accusative | teni | tenleri | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dative | tene | tenlere | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Locative | tende | tenlerde | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ablative | tenden | tenlerden | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Genitive | tenin | tenlerin | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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References
- “ten”, in Türkiye'de halk ağzından derleme sözlüğü [Compilation Dictionary of Popular Speech in Turkey] (in Turkish), Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu, 1963–1982