o-

See also: о- and Appendix:Variations of "o"

English

Noun

o-

  1. A blood type that has no antigens. It lacks the A, B and Rh factors on the blood cells. It is the universal donor for blood and can give blood to any blood type, but can only receive O- blood.

Prefix

o-

  1. (organic chemistry) ortho-

See also

Basque

Alternative forms

Prefix

o-

  1. combining form of ogi (“bread”)

Usage notes
  • If the following element of the compound starts with /b/ or /ɡ/, these are devoiced to /p/ and /k/ respectively.
  • If the following element starts with a vowel, /s̺/ or /s̻/, the combining form ot- is used instead.

Bavarian

Alternative forms
  • å- (East Central Bavaria)

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *ana, from Proto-Germanic *ana. Compare German an-, Dutch aan-, English on-.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /oː/ (West Central Bavaria)

Prefix

o-

  1. Separable verb prefix that indicates a direction, goal, destination and a contact made therein.
    ‎o- + ‎schraufn (“to screw”) → ‎oschraufn (“to screw on”)
    ‎o- + ‎greifn (“to grab, seize”) → ‎ogreifn (“to touch, handle”)
    ‎o- + ‎brenna (“to burn”) → ‎obrenna (“to scorch”)

Derived terms
Bavarian terms prefixed with o-

Cayuga

Prefix

o-

  1. noun prefix

References

Frances Froman; Alfred J. Keye; Lottie Keye; Carrie Dyck (2002) English-Cayuga/Cayuga-English Dictionary, University of Toronto, page 705

Czech

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *o(b), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ebʰi. See o.

Prefix

o-

  1. around, all around
  2. a complete action, a perfective verb
  3. something else

Derived terms
Czech terms prefixed with o-

Further reading
  • o-/ob(e)- in Slovník afixů užívaných v češtině, 2017

Japanese

Romanization

o-

  1. Rōmaji transcription of お

Lakota

Prefix

o-

  1. Forms nouns from some verbs.
    ‎o- + ‎wótA (“to eat”) → ‎owóte (“dining room”)
    ‎o- + ‎yuŋkÁ (“to lie, recline”) → ‎oyúŋke (“a bed”)

Maquiritari

Pronunciation

Prefix

o-

  1. allomorph of öt- (detransitivizing prefix).
  2. Allomorph of ö- (second-person prefix) used for stems that begin with a consonant and have a first vowel o or u.

Inflection
Maquiritari personal markers (Ye’kwana dialect)
pronoun noun possessor/
series II verb argument		 postposition object series I verb argument
transitive patient intransitive patient-like intransitive agent-like transitive agent
first person ewü y-, ∅-, ü-, u- w-, wi-
first person dual inclusive küwü k-, kü-, ku-, ki- k-, kii-, ki-
second person amödö ö-, öy-, o-, oy-, a-, ay- m-, mi-
first person dual exclusive nña y-, ch-, ∅-, i- chö- ∅- n-, ni-
third person tüwü n-, ni-
distant past third person — kün-, kun-, kin-, ken-, küm-, kum-, kim-, kini-
coreferential/reflexive — t-, tü-, tu-, ti-, te- —
reciprocal — — öö-
series I verb argument:
transitive agent and transitive patient
first person > second person mön-, man-, mon-, möm-, möni-
first person dual exclusive > second person
second person > first person k-, kü-, ku-, ki-
second person > first person dual exclusive
third person > any person X …or… any person X > third person see person X in the chart above

Mohawk

Etymology

io- with loss of initial glide

Prefix

o-

  1. noun prefix
  2. her (in kinship terms)

Northern Ndebele

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

o-

  1. Second-person singular relative concord.

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

o-

  1. Class 1 relative concord.

Etymology 3

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

o-

  1. Class 3 relative concord.

Ojibwe

Prefix

o-

  1. A prefix denoting the third person

Usage notes

o- is the unmarked form, and appears before stems that begin with a consonant. It may be omitted in many contexts.

Alternative forms

See also
Ojibwe personal prefixes
stem begins with... 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
Consonants p t k h ch m n s sh w y ni- gi- o-
d g ' j z zh nin-
b nim-
Vowels o nindo- gido- odo-
a aa e i nind- gid- od-
oo n- g-
ii w-

Preverb

o-

  1. go somewhere to do something, go over there to
    Mii go imaa ziigigamideg, mii imaa o-gondaabiiginag zhingobaandag.
    If it boiled over, I dipped the bough in the kettle.

Alternative forms

References

Old Polish

Etymology

Proto-Slavic *o(b), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ebʰi.

Prefix

o-

  1. appears in front of some verbs meaning: to make something behave in a certain way, en-, be-, make
    ‎o- + ‎pozdny → ‎opóździć
  2. around
    ‎o- + ‎kropić → ‎okropić
  3. prefix indicating a perfective verb
    ‎o- + ‎soczyć → ‎osoczyć

Derived terms
Old Polish terms prefixed with o-

Descendants
  • Polish: o-

Onondaga

Prefix

o-

  1. noun prefix

References
  • Hanni Woodbury (2018) A Reference Grammar of the Onondaga Language, University of Toronto, page 284

Polish

Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish o, from Proto-Slavic *o(b), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ebʰi. See o.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ɔ/

Prefix

o-

  1. Prefix indicating a perfective verb
    ‎o- + ‎słabnąć → ‎osłabnąć
  2. Affects verb meaning in various ways
    ‎o- + ‎strzec → ‎ostrzec
  3. Appears in front of some verbs meaning: to make something behave in a certain way, en-, be-, make
    ‎o- + ‎trzeźwy → ‎otrzeźwić
    Synonym: u-
  4. around
    ‎o- + ‎winąć → ‎owinąć
    Synonym: ob-
  5. down
    ‎o- + ‎suwać → ‎osuwać
    ‎o- + ‎puścić → ‎opuścić
    Synonym: z-

Derived terms
Polish terms prefixed with o-

Further reading
  • o- in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • o- in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Seneca

Prefix

o-

  1. noun prefix

References
  • Wallace Chafe (2014) A Grammar of the Seneca Language, University of California Press, page 86

Slovene

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *o(b)-. Prefixed form of the preposition o.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ɔ-/

Prefix

o-

  1. Forms perfective verbs with the following meanings:
    1. (no change in meaning)
      ‎o- + ‎čístiti (“to clean”) → ‎očístiti (“to clean”)
    2. around, past, avoiding
      ‎o- + ‎čŕtati (“to draw”) → ‎očŕtati (“to outline”)
      ‎o- + ‎īti (“to go”) → ‎obíti (“to go around, to bypass”)
    3. to stay, to remain
      ‎o- + ‎sedẹ́ti (“to sit”) → ‎obsedẹ́ti (“to stay sitting”)

Derived terms
Slovene terms prefixed with o-

Southern Ndebele

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

o-

  1. Second-person singular relative concord.

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

o-

  1. Class 1 relative concord.

Etymology 3

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

o-

  1. Class 3 relative concord.

Swedish

Etymology

From Old Swedish ō-, from Old Norse ú-, ó-, from Proto-Germanic *un-, from the Proto-Indo-European *n̥- whence also Greek α- (a-) and English un-.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /²uː/

Prefix

o-

  1. Added to adjectives to yield their opposites; un-
  2. Added to nouns to mean lack or being without

Derived terms
Swedish terms prefixed with o-

Taos

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ʔɑ/

Prefix

o-

  1. (transitive) First person singular subject + third person duoplural object.
  2. (transitive) Second person singular subject + third person singular object.

Ternate

Etymology

Cognate with Tehit w- (“third-person singular masculine prefix”).

Pronoun

o- (Jawi ؤ-‎)

  1. (masculine) third-person singular clitic, he

See also
Ternate personal pronouns
independent subject proclitic possessive
Informal Formal
1st person singular ngori fangarem, fajaruf to ri
2nd person singular ngana ngoni, jou ngoni no ni
3rd person singular unam, minaf om, mof, inh im, mif, manh
1st person plural inclusive ngone fo na, nga
1st person plural exclusive ngomi fangare ngomim, fajaru ngomif, fara ngomi1 mi mi, mia
2nd person plural ngoni ni na, nia
3rd person plural anah, enanh ih, nh, yoh, †, yanh, † nah, ngah, manh
  • unmarked pronouns are gender non-specific
  • m - masculine, f - feminine, h - human, nh - non-human
  • 1 - for mixed-gender groups
  • † - archaic

References
  • Frederik Sigismund Alexander de Clercq (1890) Bijdragen tot de kennis der Residentie Ternate, E.J. Brill
  • Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

Volapük

Prefix

o-

  1. denotes future tense in verbs and adverbs
    ‎o- + ‎penob (“I write.”) → ‎openob (“I will write.”)
    ‎o- + ‎adelo (“today”) → ‎odelo (“tomorrow”)

Welsh

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ɔ/

Prefix

o-

  1. Soft mutation of go-.

Mutation
Welsh mutation
radicalsoftnasalaspirate
go- o- ngo- unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Xhosa

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

o-

  1. Second-person singular relative concord.

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

o-

  1. Class 1 relative concord.

Etymology 3

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

o-

  1. Class 3 relative concord.

Zulu

Etymology 1

From a- (“relative”) +‎ u- (“second person singular”).

Prefix

ṓ-

  1. Second-person singular relative concord.

Etymology 2

From a- (“relative”) +‎ u- (“class 1”).

Prefix

ṓ-

  1. Class 1 relative concord.

Etymology 3

From a- (“augment”) +‎ bo- (“class 2a”).

Prefix

ô-

  1. Class 2a noun prefix.

Etymology 4

From a- (“relative”) +‎ u- (“class 3”).

Prefix

ṓ-

  1. Class 3 relative concord.

References
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