special case

special case (plural special cases)

1. a class of phenomena that is a subset of a more general class
   • 2013, Luc J. Wintgens, The Law in Philosophical Perspectives: My Philosophy of Law, Springer Science & Business Media, →ISBN, page 42:

     Habermas, e.g., put forward that the legal discourse should not be understood as a special case of the moral discourse because in law next to moral reasons there are also ethical and pragmatic reasons to play a legitimate part (J. Habermas, Between Facts and Norms, 230 ff.).

2. a theorem or other statement that follows directly from a more general statement
   • 2008, Andrei D. Polyanin; Alexander V. Manzhirov, Handbook of Integral Equations: Second Edition, CRC Press, →ISBN, page 356:

     This is a special case of equation 4.9.10 with ${\displaystyle h(x)=K_{v}(\beta x)}$.

   • 2005, James Robert Brown, Philosophy of Mathematics: An Introduction to a World of Proofs and Pictures, Routledge, →ISBN, page 33:

     Clearly, the Pythagorean theorem is a special case of the more general theorem, arrived at by letting r = 1.

• generalization

special case (third-person singular simple present special cases, present participle special casing, simple past and past participle special cased)

1. (transitive, intransitive, chiefly programming) To treat something as a special case; to handle in an explicitly different way.
   • 1988, Jon Louis Bentley, More Programming Pearls: Confessions of a Coder, page 10:

     Special-casing the 100 most common words in English might speed things up.

   • 1992, Scott Knaster; Keith Rollin, Macintosh Programming Secrets, page 46:

     If these programs work as well as they can even without going through QuickDraw, what's the penalty for going around the system and special casing?

   • 2009, Peter Seibel, Coders at Work: Reflections on the Craft of Programming, page 258:

     Other languages have since special-cased that kind of computation with, for example, generators in Python or something where you can yield values.

• special-case