tỏi

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 蒜 (“garlic”, SV: toán).

Compare Nong Zhuang soiq (“garlic”). To account for the glide reflex in both languages, the borrowed Sinitic word was probably a dialectal form where earlier *-r-s shifted to *-jH instead of the typical *-nH (if the word was borrowed independently when the liquid still presented, Vietnamese would have *-j while Nong Zhuang would have *-n). However, it is also possible that there was borrowing involved: if the direction was Vietic > Tai, the Chinese form could be an early form with *-r-s (> *-lʰ > -jC) or a later form with *-jH; if the direction was Tai > Vietic, the borrowed Sinitic form must be *-jH.

See also tươi, from Chinese 鮮／鲜, with *-j.

• (Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [tɔj˧˩]
• (Huế) IPA^(key): [tɔj˧˨]
• (Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA^(key): [tɔj˨˩˦]

(classifier củ, cây) tỏi • (蒜, 蕞)

1. garlic

• tỏi tây (leek)