蒜

蒜 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 廿一火火 (TMFF), four-corner 4499₁, composition ⿱艹祘)

• KangXi: page 1048, character 22
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31562
• Dae Jaweon: page 1510, character 4
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3259, character 13
• Unihan data for U+849C

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *sloːns) : semantic 艸 + phonetic 祘 (OC *sloːns).

Matisoff considers this to be derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *swa-n (“garlic”), but more likely this may be a plant imported from the Western Regions in the Qin–Han era. The relatively late attestation and the earlier form of 卵蒜 (luǎnsuàn) attest to the latter theory.

Compare Sanskrit लशुन (laśuna), Pali lasuṇa, lasuna. The Old Chinese reconstruction was revised to a *-or rhyme in the Baxter–Sagart system, akin to its homophone 算 (“to calculate”). Hence compare Persian سیر‎ (sir, “garlic”), Khotanese sārmā- (“the plant Basella cordifolia or B. lucida or B. rubra”), Hungarian sárma (“Ornithogalum sp.”), as well as Turkish sarımsak, Mongolian саримс (sarims).

Either way this word is cognate with the second syllable of Burmese ကြက်သွန် (krakswan, “onion”), ကြက်သွန်ဖြူ (krakswanhpru, “garlic”).

蒜

1. garlic

• (Min Nan) 蒜仔

• → Lisu: ꓢꓪꓮꓠꓸ (swɑ́n)

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

• Go-on: さん (san)
• Kan-on: さん (san)
• Kun: にんにく (ninniku), ひる (hiru)

Said to be from 忍辱. (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

• (Tokyo) にんにく [nìńníkú] (Heiban – [0])[1][2]
• IPA^(key): [ɲ̟ĩɲ̟ɲ̟ikɯ̟ᵝ]

蒜(にんにく) • (ninniku) 

1. garlic

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as ニンニク.

• 行者葫(ぎょうじゃにんにく) (gyōjaninniku)
• 浜蒜(はまにんにく) (hamaninniku)

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *peru (“garlic”). First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE.[3]

• (Tokyo) ひ​る [híꜜrù] (Atamadaka – [1])[1][2]
• IPA^(key): [çiɾɯ̟ᵝ]

蒜(ひる) • (hiru) 

1. allium

• 大蒜(おおびる) (ōbiru, “garlic”)
• 根蒜(ねびる) (nebiru), 沢蒜(ねびる) (nebiru)
• 野蒜(のびる) (nobiru)
• 蒜山(ひるぜん) (Hiruzen, “Hiruzen”)

• 葫

蒜 (hiragana ふぃる, romaji firu)

蒜 (hiragana ふぃる, romaji firu)

1. garlic

• “ふぃる【蒜・葫】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.

蒜 • (san) (hangeul 산, revised san, McCune–Reischauer san, Yale san)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

• 葫

蒜 (hiragana ひる, romaji hiru)

Attested in the 沖縄語典 (Okinawa Goten, “Okinawan Dictionary”) as ひる.[1]

蒜 (hiragana ひる, romaji hiru)

1. garlic

• 葫

蒜 (hiragana ぴる, romaji piru)

蒜 (hiragana ぴる, romaji piru)

1. garlic

• “ぴる【蒜・葫】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.