zima

See also: Zima, zimą, ziḿă, and zim’ă

Czech

Alternative forms

Etymology

Inherited from Old Czech zima, from Proto-Slavic *zima, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *źeimā́ˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰéyōm.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [ˈzɪma]
  • audio(file)

Noun

zima f

  1. winter
    Antonym: léto
  2. cold
    Synonyms: chlad, chladno, kosa, kláda, klendra
    Antonym: teplo

Declension
Declension of zima (hard feminine)
singular plural
nominative zima zimy
genitive zimy zim
dative zimě zimám
accusative zimu zimy
vocative zimo zimy
locative zimě zimách
instrumental zimou zimami

Derived terms

See also
Seasons in Czech · roční období (layout · text) · category
jaro (“spring”) léto (“summer”) podzim (“autumn”) zima (“winter”)

Further reading
  • zima in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
  • zima in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989
  • zima in Internetová jazyková příručka

Polish

Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish zima, from Proto-Slavic *zima, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *źeimā́ˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰéyōm. First attested in 1419.[1]

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈʑi.ma/
  • Audio(file)
  • Rhymes: -ima
  • Syllabification: zi‧ma

Noun

zima f

  1. winter

Declension
Declension of zima
singular plural
nominative zima zimy
genitive zimy zim
dative zimie zimom
accusative zimę zimy
instrumental zimą zimami
locative zimie zimach
vocative zimo zimy

Derived terms

See also
Seasons in Polish · pory roku (layout · text) · category
wiosna (“spring”) lato (“summer”) jesień (“autumn”) zima (“winter”)

References
  1. B. Sieradzka-Baziur, editor (2011–2015), “zima”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN

Further reading
  • zima in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • zima in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *zima, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *źeimā́ˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰéyōm.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /zǐːma/
  • Hyphenation: zi‧ma

Noun

zíma f (Cyrillic spelling зи́ма)

  1. winter
  2. cold, coldness (of weather or temperature)

Declension
Declension of zima
singular plural
nominative zima zime
genitive zime zima
dative zimi zimama
accusative zimu zime
vocative zimo zime
locative zimi zimama
instrumental zimom zimama

Derived terms

See also
Seasons in Serbo-Croatian · godišnja doba / годишња доба (layout · text) · category
spring:
proleće, proljeće
пролеће, прољеће		 summer:
leto, ljeto
лето, љето		 autumn:
jesen
јесен		 winter:
zima
зима

References
  • “zima” in Hrvatski jezični portal

Slovak

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *zima, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *źeimā́ˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰéyōm.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [ˈzima]

Noun

zima f (genitive singular zimy, nominative plural zimy, genitive plural zím, declension pattern of žena)

  1. winter
  2. very cold weather (regardless of the season)

Declension
Declension of zima
singular plural
nominative zima zimy
genitive zimy zím
dative zime zimám
accusative zimu zimy
locative zime zimách
instrumental zimou zimami

Derived terms
  • zimný

See also
  • (seasons) ročné obdobie; jar, jeseň, leto, zima (Category: sk:Seasons)

Further reading
  • zima in Slovak dictionaries at slovnik.juls.savba.sk

Slovene

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *zima, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *źeimā́ˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰéyōm.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /zìːma/

Noun

zíma f

  1. winter

Inflection
Feminine, a-stem
nom. sing. zíma
gen. sing. zíme
singular dual plural
nominative
(imenovȃlnik)		 zíma zími zíme
genitive
(rodȋlnik)		 zíme zím zím
dative
(dajȃlnik)		 zími zímama zímam
accusative
(tožȋlnik)		 zímo zími zíme
locative
(mẹ̑stnik)		 zími zímah zímah
instrumental
(orọ̑dnik)		 zímo zímama zímami

See also
Seasons in Slovene · létni čàs (layout · text) · category
pomlád (“spring”) polétje (“summer”) jesén (“autumn”) zíma (“winter”)

Further reading
  • “zima”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran

Swahili

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation
  • Audio (Kenya)(file)

Adjective

-zima (declinable)

  1. whole; entire; full
  2. mature; fully grown
  3. (in greetings) well
    U mzima ― Are you well?

Declension
Inflected forms of -zima
Noun class singular plural
m-wa class(I/II) mzima
m-mi class(III/IV) mzima mizima
ji-ma class(V/VI) zima mazima
ki-vi class(VII/VIII) kizima vizima
n class(IX/X) nzima nzima
u class(XI) mzima see n(X) or ma(VI) class
pa class(XVI) pazima
ku class(XVII) kuzima
mu class(XVIII) muzima

Verb

-zima (infinitive kuzima)

  1. to turn off, extinguish, quell

Conjugation
Conjugation of -zima
Positive present -nazima
Subjunctive -zime
Negative -zimi
Imperative singular zima
Infinitives
Positive kuzima
Negative kutozima
Imperatives
Singular zima
Plural zimeni
Tensed forms
Habitual huzima
Positive past positive subject concord + -lizima
Negative past negative subject concord + -kuzima
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nazima)
Singular Plural
1st person ninazima/nazima tunazima
2nd person unazima mnazima
3rd person m-wa(I/II) anazima wanazima
other classes positive subject concord + -nazima
Negative present (negative subject concord + -zimi)
Singular Plural
1st person sizimi hatuzimi
2nd person huzimi hamzimi
3rd person m-wa(I/II) hazimi hawazimi
other classes negative subject concord + -zimi
Positive future positive subject concord + -tazima
Negative future negative subject concord + -tazima
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -zime)
Singular Plural
1st person nizime tuzime
2nd person uzime mzime
3rd person m-wa(I/II) azime wazime
other classes positive subject concord + -zime
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sizime
Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngezima
Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singezima
Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalizima
Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalizima
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -azima)
Singular Plural
1st person nazima twazima
2nd person wazima mwazima
3rd person m-wa(I/II) azima wazima
m-mi(III/IV) wazima yazima
ji-ma(V/VI) lazima yazima
ki-vi(VII/VIII) chazima vyazima
n(IX/X) yazima zazima
u(XI) wazima see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) kwazima
pa(XVI) pazima
mu(XVIII) mwazima
Perfect positive subject concord + -mezima
"Already" positive subject concord + -meshazima
"Not yet" negative subject concord + -jazima
"If/When" positive subject concord + -kizima
"If not" positive subject concord + -sipozima
Consecutive kazima / positive subject concord + -kazima
Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kazime
Object concord (indicative positive)
Singular Plural
1st person -nizima -tuzima
2nd person -kuzima -wazima/-kuzimeni/-wazimeni
3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mzima -wazima
m-mi(III/IV) -uzima -izima
ji-ma(V/VI) -lizima -yazima
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kizima -vizima
n(IX/X) -izima -zizima
u(XI) -uzima see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kuzima
pa(XVI) -pazima
mu(XVIII) -muzima
Reflexive -jizima
Relative forms
General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -zima- + relative marker)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -zimaye -zimao
m-mi(III/IV) -zimao -zimayo
ji-ma(V/VI) -zimalo -zimayo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -zimacho -zimavyo
n(IX/X) -zimayo -zimazo
u(XI) -zimao see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -zimako
pa(XVI) -zimapo
mu(XVIII) -zimamo
Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -zima)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -yezima -ozima
m-mi(III/IV) -ozima -yozima
ji-ma(V/VI) -lozima -yozima
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chozima -vyozima
n(IX/X) -yozima -zozima
u(XI) -ozima see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kozima
pa(XVI) -pozima
mu(XVIII) -mozima
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms
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