Israel
English
Flag of the State of Israel
_with_disputed_territories.svg.png.webp)
Location map of the State of Israel, with disputed territories shown in light green
Etymology
From Middle English Israel, from Old English, borrowed from Latin Israel, from Ancient Greek Ἰσραήλ (Israḗl), from Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל (yisra'él, “Israel”).[1][2] In the Bible, it is said to be from the name יִשְׂרֶה אֵל (yisré 'él) given to Jacob in Genesis 32:29, after which his descendants came to be known as Israelites and their land as the "kingdom/land of Israel". The personal name, already attested in Eblaite 𒅖𒊏𒅋 (iš-ra-il) and Ugaritic 𐎊𐎌𐎗𐎛𐎍 (yšrỉl),[3] has been variously translated as "he wrestles with God", "he prevails with God",[4] or "God rules" (possibly from the same root ש־ר־ה/ש־ר־ר as שָׂרָה (“Sarah”)).[5]
Line 27 of the Merneptah Stele (from about 1200 B.C.E.) is thought to contain the earliest attestation of the name Israel in any language, Egyptian ysrjꜣr.
Doublet of Yisroel.
Pronunciation
- enPR: ĭzʹrā-əl, ĭzʹrē-əl; IPA(key): /ˈɪz.ɹeɪ.əl/, /ˈɪz.ɹi.əl/
- (formal and posh RP) enPR: ĭzʹrā-ĕl; IPA(key): /ˈɪz.ɹeɪ.ɛl/
- (in singing, also) enPR: ĭzʹrī-ĕl; IPA(key): /ˈɪz.ɹaɪ.ɛl/
Audio (US) (file)
Proper noun
Israel (plural Israels)
- The State of Israel, a modern country in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean.
- The Land of Israel, the ancestral homeland of the Jewish people, a region that is roughly coextensive with the State of Israel.
- (historical) An ancient kingdom that occupied roughly the same area in ancient times.
- (historical) An ancient kingdom that occupied the northern part of this area, as distinct from Judah.
- The Jews, taken collectively.
- A male given name from Hebrew, notably borne by Jacob (after Genesis 32:28).
- 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 32:28:
- And he said, Thy name shall be called no more Jacob, but Israel: for as a prince hast thou power with God and with men, and hast prevailed.
-
- A surname.
Usage notes
- (region): The use of Israel to refer to the region between the Jordan River and the Mediterranean Sea has been, since the latter half of the 20th century, sometimes seen as politically or emotionally charged; indeed, this is true of all terms for this region.
Synonyms
- (State of Israel): the State of Israel (official name), Israhell, Jewsrael (derogatory), Zionistan (derogatory)
- (Land of Israel): the Land of Israel, Palestine, the Holy Land, Canaan
- (the Jews): the Children of Israel, the Israelites, Zion
Derived terms
Related terms
Translations
the state
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the region
|
the ancient kingdom
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the Jews, taken collectively
Biblical: name given to Jacob
|
given name
|
See also
- Appendix:Countries of the world
- (countries of Asia) country of Asia; Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei, Cambodia, China, Cyprus, East Timor, Georgia, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Lebanon, Malaysia, Maldives, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, North Korea, Oman, Pakistan, Palestine, Philippines, Qatar, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Syria, Taiwan, Tajikistan, Thailand, Turkey, Turkmenistan, United Arab Emirates, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, Yemen
- Irving (surname used to anglicize Israel)
- Zion, Judea
References
- “Israel”, in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present.
- “Israel”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.
- Michael G. Hasel, Domination and Resistance: Egyptian Military Activity in the Southern Levant (Brill, 1998)
- James P. Boyd, Bible dictionary (Ottenheimer Publishers, 1958)
- Victor P. Hamilton, The Book of Genesis: Chapters 18–50 (NICOT, Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995)
Catalan
Pronunciation
Related terms
Finnish
Etymology
From Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל (yisra'él).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈisrɑel/, [ˈis̠rɑe̞l]
- Rhymes: -isrɑel
- Syllabification(key): Is‧ra‧el
Declension
| Inflection of Israel (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | Israel | — | ||
| genitive | Israelin | — | ||
| partitive | Israelia | — | ||
| illative | Israeliin | — | ||
| singular | plural | |||
| nominative | Israel | — | ||
| accusative | nom. | Israel | — | |
| gen. | Israelin | |||
| genitive | Israelin | — | ||
| partitive | Israelia | — | ||
| inessive | Israelissa | — | ||
| elative | Israelista | — | ||
| illative | Israeliin | — | ||
| adessive | Israelilla | — | ||
| ablative | Israelilta | — | ||
| allative | Israelille | — | ||
| essive | Israelina | — | ||
| translative | Israeliksi | — | ||
| instructive | — | — | ||
| abessive | Israelitta | — | ||
| comitative | See the possessive forms below. | |||
| Possessive forms of Israel (type risti) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Derived terms
Anagrams
German
Alternative forms
- Israël (obsolete)
Etymology
Latin Israel, Ancient Greek Ἰσραήλ (Israḗl)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈiːsʁaeːl]
- IPA(key): [ˈɪsʁaeːl] (less common)
Audio (file) Audio (file) - Hyphenation: Is‧ra‧el
Proper noun
Israel
- (biblical) Israel, another name of the patriarch Jacob
- 1912, Lutherbibel 1912, 1.Mose 32, 29 (Luther Bible 1912, Genesis 32:29):
- Er sprach: Du sollst nicht mehr Jakob heißen, sondern Israel; denn du hast mit Gott und mit Menschen gekämpft und bist obgelegen.
- (please add an English translation of this quote)
- 1912, Lutherbibel 1912, 1.Mose 32, 29 (Luther Bible 1912, Genesis 32:29):
Proper noun
Israel n (proper noun, genitive Israels or (optionally with an article) Israel)
- Israel (a country in Western Asia)
Synonyms
- (State of Israel): Staat Israel (official name)
Derived terms
- israelisch
- Israeli
- israelisieren
- israelfeindlich
- israelfreundlich
- israelkritisch
- antiisraelisch
- proisraelisch
Related terms
- Israelit
- israelitisch
Iban
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /israel/
Indonesian
Etymology
From Dutch Israël, from Middle Dutch israel, from Old Dutch israel, from Latin Isrāēl, from Ancient Greek Ἰσρᾱήλ (Isrāḗl), from Biblical Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל. Doublet of Israil.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ɪsˈrael]
- Hyphenation: Is‧ra‧él
Proper noun
Israel
- Israel:
- The State of Israel, a modern country in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean.
- The Land of Israel, a region that is roughly coextensive with the State of Israel.
- (historical) An ancient kingdom that occupied roughly the same area in ancient times.
- (historical) An ancient kingdom that occupied the northern part of this area, as distinct from Judah.
- The Jews, taken collectively.
- Synonym: Yahudi
Further reading
- “Israel” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Language Development and Fostering Agency — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.
Latin
Etymology
Borrowed from Koine Greek Ἰσραήλ (Israḗl), from Biblical Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל (Yiśrāʾēl). The spelling Istrāhēl, from Ἰστραήλ (Istraḗl), was predominant until the dissemination of Jerome’s Vulgate (5th century CE), which popularized Isrāhēl. The h was gradually lost thereafter.[1]
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /isˈraː.eːl/, [ɪs̠ˈräːeːɫ̪]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /isˈra.el/, [isˈräːel]
Proper noun
Isrāēl m sg (variously declined, genitive Isrāēl or Isrāēlis); indeclinable, third declension
- (Late Latin) Israel, another name of the patriarch Jacob
- (New Latin) Israel, a country in the Middle East
Declension
Indeclinable noun or third-declension noun, singular only.
| Case | Singular |
|---|---|
| Nominative | Isrāēl |
| Genitive | Isrāēl Isrāēlis |
| Dative | Isrāēl Isrāēlī |
| Accusative | Isrāēl Isrāēlem |
| Ablative | Isrāēl Isrāēle |
| Vocative | Isrāēl |
Derived terms
- Isrāēlīta, Isrāēlītēs
- isrāēlīticus, Isrāēlīticus
References
- “Israel”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- Souter, Alexander (1949), “Istrahēl”, in A Glossary of Later Latin to 600 A.D., 1st edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press, published 1957, page 222
Norwegian Bokmål
Related terms
- israelitt
- israelittisk
Norwegian Nynorsk
Related terms
- israelitt
- israelittisk
Plautdietsch
Portuguese
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Latin Israel, from Ancient Greek Ἰσραήλ (Israḗl), from Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל (yisra'él, “Israel”). Displaced Old Galician-Portuguese Irrael.
Pronunciation
- (Brazil) IPA(key): /iz.ʁaˈɛw/ [iz.haˈɛʊ̯]
- (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): /iʒ.ʁaˈɛw/ [iʒ.χaˈɛʊ̯]
- (Portugal) IPA(key): /iʒ.ʁɐˈɛl/ [iʒ.ʁɐˈɛɫ]
- Hyphenation: Is‧ra‧el
Proper noun
Israel m
- Israel (a historical region in the southern Levant)
- Israel (a country in the Middle East, Asia)
- a male given name, equivalent to English Israel
Derived terms
Romanian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /is.ra.ˈel/
Audio (file)
Declension
declension of Israel (singular only)
| singular | ||
|---|---|---|
| n gender | indefinite articulation | definite articulation |
| nominative/accusative | (un) Israel | Israelul |
| genitive/dative | (unui) Israel | Israelului |
| vocative | Israelule | |
Spanish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /israˈel/ [iz.raˈel]
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -el
- Syllabification: Is‧ra‧el
Proper noun
Israel m
- Israel
- Jacob
- 1602, Casiodoro de Reina, La Santa Biblia, rev., Genesis 32:28
- Y él dijo: No se dirá más tu nombre Jacob, sino Israel: porque has peleado con Dios y con los hombres, y has vencido.
- 1602, Casiodoro de Reina, La Santa Biblia, rev., Genesis 32:28
- a male given name from Hebrew, equivalent to English Israel
Derived terms
Related terms
Tagalog
Pronunciation
- Hyphenation: Is‧ra‧el
- IPA(key): /ʔisɾaˈʔel/, [ʔɪs.ɾɐˈʔɛl]
Proper noun
Israél
- Israel (a country in Western Asia)
- (biblical) Israel (a historical region in the southern Levant)
Related terms
Welsh
Derived terms
- Gwladwriaeth Israel (“State of Israel”)
Mutation
| Welsh mutation | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| radical | soft | nasal | h-prothesis |
| Israel | unchanged | unchanged | Hisrael |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | |||
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