mund

From Middle English and Old English mund, from Proto-Germanic *mundō (“hand, protection, security”).

• IPA^(key): /mʊnd/, /mʌnd/
• Rhymes: -ʊnd, -ʌnd

mund (countable and uncountable, plural munds)

1. (obsolete) A hand.
2. (obsolete) Security, granted by a king or earl, the violation of which was punished by a fine (a mundbyrd).
3. (obsolete) Protection; guardianship.

• mundbreach

• UNDM

Probably from Proto-Indo-European *mn̥(s)-dʰh₁-. Compare Old Norse munda (“aim, strive”), Gothic 𐌼𐌿𐌽𐌳𐍉𐌽 (mundōn, “look up”), Old High German muntar (“keen, eager”), Ancient Greek μανθάνω (manthánō, “learn”), Lithuanian mañdras (“alert, awake, smart, minxish”).

Standard/Tosk variant of Gheg Albanian mûn(d); [d]-sound lost among majority Gheg dialects due to nasal vowels (which do not exist in Tosk).

• IPA^(key): /mʊnd/

• mund m (indefinite plural -, definite singular mundi) (Standard)
• mûn(d) m (indefinite plural -, definite singular mûn(d)i) (Gheg)

1. agony, toil, great effort
2. arduous and hard work (that pays off)
3. tribulation, cause of trouble or suffer

• Muji

Cognate to Arvanitic / Arbëresh Albanian múndënj[1] and Gheg Albanian mûj. Lost [nd]-cluster among majority Gheg dialects (due to nasal vowels), while the [d]-sound in Tosk participle mundur shifted to a [t] in Gheg mûjt. Either from Proto-Indo-European *meHndʰ- (“to pay attention, wisdom”) or Proto-Indo-European *magʰ- (“can, to be able (to do)”). Alternatively from Proto-Indo-European *men(s)-dʰ(e)h₂ (“to learn”).

• According to Gustav Meyer a cognate to Old High German muntar (“awake, alert, fresh”) and Lithuanian mundrùs (“cheerful, merry”) as cognates. Norbert Jokel agreed with Meyer and added cognated Lithuanian mandrùs (“high spirited”) and Proto-Slavic *mǫdrъ (“wise”).[2][3][4] Going back to Proto-Indo-European *meHndʰ- (“to pay attention, wisdom”). From the same P-I-E-root:

  → Proto-Germanic *mundōną, *mundraz (→ Old High German muntar (“awake, alter, fresh”))

  → Ancient Greek μανθάνω (manthánō, “to learn”) (→ reflecting on alb. noun mund (“agony, hard work, etc.”). See etymology 1 above).

• According to Eqrem Çabej and Bardhyl Demiraj either a cognate to Greek μόγος (mógos, “trouble, distress”) (cf. albanian noun Albanian mund (“agony, hard work, trouble”)) or a cognate to Old High German magan (“to be able”).[5][6] From Proto-Albanian *māK(e)nT-, from Proto-Indo-European *magʰ- (“can, to be able (to do)”). From the same P-I-E-root derived:

  → Proto-Slavic *moťь (→ Old Church Slavonic мошти (mošti, “to be able”))

  → Proto-Germanic *mahtiz, *mahtuz, *maginą (→ Gothic 𐌼𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌽 (magan, “to be able, have power”), Old High German magan, English may). Cf. English maybe, German möglich (“possibly”) with Albanian mundësi (“possibility”) and active mund switching its meaning from “can” to passive “could, try, maybe” (mundem).

• Eric P. Hamp suggested to Lithuanian išmintìs (“to be able”)[7] (cf. also Lithuanian išmėginti (“try”) and išmintìs (“wisdom”)).
• Vladimir Orel derived it from Proto-Albanian *manda. Cognate to Lithuanian mudà (“possibility”), Lithuanian mudúoti (“to try, attempt”) and Sanskrit módate (“to rejoice, be merry”).[8] Cf. meaning of Albanian mundësi (“possibility”), mundim (“trying”) and mundoj (“I try”) with the Baltic cognates.

• IPA^(key): /mʊnd/

• (active) mund (first-person singular past tense munda, participle mundur)[9]
• (active) mûj (first-person singular past tense mûjta, participle mûjt(un)) (Gheg)

1. (active, intransitive) I can, I am able; I have the opportunity, power or ability
2. (active) I beat, I win over, I conquer
3. (active) (grammatical particle used for conjunctive forms + të)

   A mund të më tregoni shtëpinë?

   Could you show me the house?

4. (active, 3rd person) could be possible; possibly, maybe, perhaps (used as a semi-auxiliary verb + të)
5. (active, 3rd person, negatory) unable/impossible + to (in combination with negatory s, s', nuk (but not with mos) + të (“to”))

• (passive) múndem (first-person singular past tense u munda, participle mundur)[10]
• (passive) mûjhna (first-person singular past tense u mûjta, participle mûjt(un)) (Gheg)

1. (passive, reflexive) I can no longer, I can't; I am not able, impossible for me
2. (passive) maybe, perhaps, it could, so it be (as a particle)

   Synonyms: mbase, ndoshta, vaki

• (active) mund (first-person singular past tense munda, participle mundur)[11]
• (active) mûj (first-person singular past tense u mûjta, participle mûjt(un)) (Gheg)

1. (active, transitive) I defeat, beat (someone); I emerge victorious (in a match, battle)
2. (active) I survive, get over, beat (a fear, illness, disease)
3. (active, figurative, 3rd person) (+ short pronoun forms) put down, take away/over (force, power, ability, etc.)

   Më mundi gjumi.

   The sleep took over me

• (passive) múndem (first-person singular past tense u munda, participle mundur)[12]
• (passive) mûjhna (first-person singular past tense u mûjta, participle mûjt(un)) (Gheg)

1. (passive, reflexive) wrestle, fight or encounter with someone

   Synonyms: luftoj, rrok, kap

2. (passive) I try to get over (it) (ache, pain, heartbreak, grief, hard work, etc.)

   Synonyms: mundoj, provoj

• noun mund (definite/sg. form mundi) • Fjalor Shqip (Albanian Dictionary)
• Oda Buchholz, Wilfried Fiedler, Gerda Uhlisch (2000) Langenscheidt Handwörterbuch Albanisch, Langenscheidt Verlag, →ISBN, page 335 (noun mund / verb mund (14))

From Old Norse muðr, munnr, from Proto-Germanic *munþaz, cognate with English mouth, German Mund.

• IPA^(key): /monˀ/, [ˈmɔnˀ]

mund c (singular definite munden, plural indefinite munde)

1. mouth (the opening of an animal through which food is ingested)

• mund on the Danish Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^da

mund

1. imperative of munde

• IPA^(key): /mʏnt/
• Rhymes: -ʏnt

From Old Norse mund, from Proto-Germanic *mundō.

mund f (genitive singular mundar, nominative plural mundir)

1. (poetic) hand

• (hand): hönd

• morgunstund gefur gull í mund (“the early bird catches the worm”)

Related to Old Norse munda (“to aim, to strive”), Old High German muntar (“keen, eager”), from Proto-Germanic *mundraz (“alert”).

mund f (genitive singular mundar, nominative plural mundir) or mund n (genitive singular munds, nominative plural mund)

1. Used only in set phrases.

or

• í sömu mund/í sama mund (“at the same time”)
• um þær mundir (“in those days, around that time”)

• mundur

• munde, mounde, mound

From Old English mund, from Proto-Germanic *mundō.

• IPA^(key): /muːnd/, /mund/

mund (plural moundes or munden)

1. Might, ability, or skill.
2. Magnitude, greatness, utility, or usefulness.
3. (rare) Protection, guarding, defence
4. (rare) A hand, especially as a measurement.
5. (rare) A band of warriors or fighters.

• English: mound, mund
• Scots: moond

• “mǒund(e, n.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-06-20.

From Proto-Germanic *mundō (“hand, guard, security”).

Cognate with Old Frisian mund m (“guardian”), Old Norse mund-r m (noun, literally “sum paid by a bridegroom for his bride”), Old Saxon mund (“hand”, noun), Old High German munt m (“protector”).

• IPA^(key): /mund/

mund f (nominative plural munda or munde)

1. (poetic) hand, palm as a measure of length. In this meaning is not used later than OE period [OED].
2. trust, security, protection
3. protector, guardian

• Ceolmund
• mundbyrd
• mundgripe

• Middle English: mund
  • English: mound, mund
• ⇒ English: Cholmondeley (from Ċēolmunde + lēah)
• ⇒ English: Chulmleigh (from Ċēolmunde + lēah)
• ⇒ English: Cholmondeston (from Ċēolmunde + -es + -tūn)

From Latin mundus.

mund m (oblique plural munz or muntz, nominative singular munz or muntz, nominative plural mund)

1. the world

From Proto-West Germanic *munþ.

mund m

1. (anatomy) mouth

From Proto-Germanic *mundō (“hand”). Further cognates see there.

mund f

1. hand

• Icelandic: mund
• Old Swedish: mund

• “mund”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press

• mond (Surmiran)
• muond (Puter, Vallader)

From Latin mundus.

mund m (plural munds)

1. (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, Sutsilvan) world

mund c

1. (archaic) a mouth

   Synonym: mun

• inmundiga

• mund in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)