penar

See also: peñar

Catalan

Etymology

From pena.

Verb

penar (first-person singular present peno, past participle penat)

  1. to punish

Conjugation
Conjugation of penar (first conjugation)
infinitive penar
present participle penant
past participle masculine feminine
singular penat penada
plural penats penades
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative jo tu ell/ella
vostè		 nosaltres
nós		 vosaltres
vós		 ells/elles
vostès
present peno penes pena penem peneu penen
imperfect penava penaves penava penàvem penàveu penaven
future penaré penaràs penarà penarem penareu penaran
preterite pení penares penà penàrem penàreu penaren
conditional penaria penaries penaria penaríem penaríeu penarien
subjunctive jo tu ell/ella
vostè		 nosaltres
nós		 vosaltres
vós		 ells/elles
vostès
present peni penis peni penem peneu penin
imperfect penés penessis penés penéssim penéssiu penessin
imperative — tu vostè nosaltres vosaltres
vós		 vostès
— pena peni penem peneu penin

Synonyms

Derived terms

Portuguese

Etymology

From pena +‎ -ar. From Old Galician-Portuguese penar.

Pronunciation
 
  • (Brazil) IPA(key): /peˈna(ʁ)/ [peˈna(h)]
    • (São Paulo) IPA(key): /peˈna(ɾ)/
    • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): /peˈna(ʁ)/ [peˈna(χ)]
    • (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /peˈna(ɻ)/

  • Hyphenation: pe‧nar

Verb

penar (first-person singular present peno, first-person singular preterite penei, past participle penado)

  1. to suffer, to grieve
  2. to afflict, to torment

Conjugation
    Conjugation of penar (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)
Singular Plural
First-person
(eu)		 Second-person
(tu)		 Third-person
(ele / ela / você)		 First-person
(nós)		 Second-person
(vós)		 Third-person
(eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal penar
Personal penar penares penar penarmos penardes penarem
Gerund
penando
Past participle
Masculine penado penados
Feminine penada penadas
Indicative
Present peno penas pena penamos penais penam
Imperfect penava penavas penava penávamos penáveis penavam
Preterite penei penaste penou penamos1, penámos2 penastes penaram
Pluperfect penara penaras penara penáramos penáreis penaram
Future penarei penarás penará penaremos penareis penarão
Conditional
penaria penarias penaria penaríamos penaríeis penariam
Subjunctive
Present pene penes pene penemos peneis penem
Imperfect penasse penasses penasse penássemos penásseis penassem
Future penar penares penar penarmos penardes penarem
Imperative
Affirmative pena pene penemos penai penem
Negative (não) não penes não pene não penemos não peneis não penem

1Brazil.
2Portugal.

Romanian

Alternative forms

Etymology

From earlier form penal, from German Pennal, from Medieval Latin pennale, from penna (“feather”). It originally referred to a case to hold quills.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [peˈnar]

Noun

penar n (plural penare)

  1. pencil case

Declension
Declension of penar
singular plural
indefinite articulation definite articulation indefinite articulation definite articulation
nominative/accusative (un) penar penarul (niște) penare penarele
genitive/dative (unui) penar penarului (unor) penare penarelor
vocative penarule penarelor

Synonyms

Spanish

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /peˈnaɾ/ [peˈnaɾ]
  • Rhymes: -aɾ
  • Syllabification: pe‧nar

Verb

penar (first-person singular present peno, first-person singular preterite pené, past participle penado)

  1. (transitive) to punish
  2. (intransitive) to suffer

Conjugation
    Conjugation of penar (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)
infinitive penar
gerund penando
past participle masculine feminine
singular penado penada
plural penados penadas
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
indicative yo tú
vos		 él/ella/ello
usted		 nosotros
nosotras		 vosotros
vosotras		 ellos/ellas
ustedes
present peno penastú
penásvos		 pena penamos penáis penan
imperfect penaba penabas penaba penábamos penabais penaban
preterite pené penaste penó penamos penasteis penaron
future penaré penarás penará penaremos penaréis penarán
conditional penaría penarías penaría penaríamos penaríais penarían
subjunctive yo tú
vos		 él/ella/ello
usted		 nosotros
nosotras		 vosotros
vosotras		 ellos/ellas
ustedes
present pene penestú
penésvos2		 pene penemos penéis penen
imperfect
(ra)		 penara penaras penara penáramos penarais penaran
imperfect
(se)		 penase penases penase penásemos penaseis penasen
future1 penare penares penare penáremos penareis penaren
imperative — tú
vos		 usted nosotros
nosotras		 vosotros
vosotras		 ustedes
affirmative penatú
penávos		 pene penemos penad penen
negative no penes no pene no penemos no penéis no penen

1Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
2Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of penar

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
with infinitive penar
dative penarme penarte penarle, penarse penarnos penaros penarles, penarse
accusative penarme penarte penarlo, penarla, penarse penarnos penaros penarlos, penarlas, penarse
with gerund penando
dative penándome penándote penándole, penándose penándonos penándoos penándoles, penándose
accusative penándome penándote penándolo, penándola, penándose penándonos penándoos penándolos, penándolas, penándose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative pena
dative péname pénate pénale pénanos not used pénales
accusative péname pénate pénalo, pénala pénanos not used pénalos, pénalas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative pená
dative pename penate penale penanos not used penales
accusative pename penate penalo, penala penanos not used penalos, penalas
with formal second-person singular imperative pene
dative péneme not used pénele, pénese pénenos not used péneles
accusative péneme not used pénelo, pénela, pénese pénenos not used pénelos, pénelas
with first-person plural imperative penemos
dative not used penémoste penémosle penémonos penémoos penémosles
accusative not used penémoste penémoslo, penémosla penémonos penémoos penémoslos, penémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative penad
dative penadme not used penadle penadnos penaos penadles
accusative penadme not used penadlo, penadla penadnos penaos penadlos, penadlas
with formal second-person plural imperative penen
dative pénenme not used pénenle pénennos not used pénenles, pénense
accusative pénenme not used pénenlo, pénenla pénennos not used pénenlos, pénenlas, pénense

Further reading
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