referir

Catalan

Etymology

From Latin referō.

Pronunciation

Verb

referir (first-person singular present refereixo, past participle referit)

  1. to relate
  2. to refer
  3. to be about

Conjugation
Conjugation of referir (third conjugation with -eix- infix)
infinitive referir
present participle referint
past participle masculine feminine
singular referit referida
plural referits referides
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative jo tu ell/ella
vostè		 nosaltres
nós		 vosaltres
vós		 ells/elles
vostès
present refereixo refereixes refereix referim referiu refereixen
imperfect referia referies referia referíem referíeu referien
future referiré referiràs referirà referirem referireu referiran
preterite referí referires referí referírem referíreu referiren
conditional referiria referiries referiria referiríem referiríeu referirien
subjunctive jo tu ell/ella
vostè		 nosaltres
nós		 vosaltres
vós		 ells/elles
vostès
present refereixi refereixis refereixi referim referiu refereixin
imperfect referís referissis referís referíssim referíssiu referissin
imperative — tu vostè nosaltres vosaltres
vós		 vostès
— refereix refereixi referim referiu refereixin

Further reading

Galician

Etymology

From Latin referō (“I carry back”).

Verb

referir (first-person singular present refiro, first-person singular preterite referín, past participle referido)

  1. to refer (to direct to a source for help or information)
    Synonyms: citar, referenciar
  2. to relate (to tell in a descriptive way)
    Synonyms: contar, dicir, narrar, relatar
  3. to refer (submit to an authority figure for consideration)
  4. to be about something; to have something as a subject
    Esta lei refírese aos crimes de fraude e extorsión.
    This law is about the crimes of fraud and racketeering.
  5. to refer (to allude to)
    Synonyms: aludir, mencionar

Conjugation
    Conjugation of referir (e-i stem change)
infinitive referir
gerund referindo
past participle singular plural
masculine referido referidos
feminine referida referidas
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative eu ti el / ela / Vde. nós vós eles / elas / Vdes.
present refiro refires refire referimos referides refiren
imperfect refería referías refería referiamos referiades referían
preterite referín referiches referiu referimos referistes referiron
pluperfect referira referiras referira referiramos referirades referiran
future referirei referirás referirá referiremos referiredes referirán
conditional referiría referirías referiría refeririamos refeririades referirían
subjunctive eu ti el / ela / Vde. nós vós eles / elas / Vdes.
present refira refiras refira refiramos refirades refiran
preterite referise referises referise referísemos referísedes referisen
future referir referires referir referirmos referirdes referiren
imperative — ti Vde. nós vós Vdes.
affirmative — refire refira refiramos referide refiran
negative — refiras refira refiramos refirades refiran
personal infinitive eu ti el / ela / Vde. nós vós eles / elas / Vdes.
referir referires referir referirmos referirdes referiren

Further reading

Portuguese

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese referir, from Latin referō (“to carry back”).

Pronunciation
 
  • (Brazil) IPA(key): /ʁe.feˈɾi(ʁ)/ [he.feˈɾi(h)]
    • (São Paulo) IPA(key): /ʁe.feˈɾi(ɾ)/ [he.feˈɾi(ɾ)]
    • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): /ʁe.feˈɾi(ʁ)/ [χe.feˈɾi(χ)]
    • (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /ʁe.feˈɾi(ɻ)/ [he.feˈɾi(ɻ)]

  • Homophone: referi (Brazil)
  • Hyphenation: re‧fe‧rir

Verb

referir (first-person singular present refiro, third-person singular present refere, first-person singular preterite referi, past participle referido)

  1. to refer (to direct to a source for help or information)
    Synonyms: citar, referenciar
  2. to relate (to tell in a descriptive way)
    Synonyms: contar, dizer, narrar, relatar
  3. to refer (submit to an authority figure for consideration)
  4. to be about something; to have something as a subject
    Esta lei refere-se aos crimes de fraude e extorsão.
    This law is about the crimes of fraud and racketeering.
    Synonym: dizer respeito a
  5. to refer (to allude to)
    Synonyms: aludir, mencionar

Conjugation
    Conjugation of referir (i-e alternation in present singular) (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)
Singular Plural
First-person
(eu)		 Second-person
(tu)		 Third-person
(ele / ela / você)		 First-person
(nós)		 Second-person
(vós)		 Third-person
(eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal referir
Personal referir referires referir referirmos referirdes referirem
Gerund
referindo
Past participle
Masculine referido referidos
Feminine referida referidas
Indicative
Present refiro referes refere referimos referis referem
Imperfect referia referias referia referíamos referíeis referiam
Preterite referi referiste referiu referimos referistes referiram
Pluperfect referira referiras referira referíramos referíreis referiram
Future referirei referirás referirá referiremos referireis referirão
Conditional
referiria referirias referiria referiríamos referiríeis refeririam
Subjunctive
Present refira refiras refira refiramos refirais refiram
Imperfect referisse referisses referisse referíssemos referísseis referissem
Future referir referires referir referirmos referirdes referirem
Imperative
Affirmative refere refira refiramos referi refiram
Negative (não) não refiras não refira não refiramos não refirais não refiram

Spanish

Etymology

Semi-learned borrowing from Latin referō.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /refeˈɾiɾ/ [re.feˈɾiɾ]
  • Rhymes: -iɾ
  • Syllabification: re‧fe‧rir

Verb

referir (first-person singular present refiero, first-person singular preterite referí, past participle referido)

  1. to report
  2. to relate
  3. (reflexive) to refer to
    ¿A qué te refieres?
    What are you referring to?

Conjugation
    Conjugation of referir (e-ie-i alternation) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)
infinitive referir
gerund refiriendo
past participle masculine feminine
singular referido referida
plural referidos referidas
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
indicative yo tú
vos		 él/ella/ello
usted		 nosotros
nosotras		 vosotros
vosotras		 ellos/ellas
ustedes
present refiero refierestú
referísvos		 refiere referimos referís refieren
imperfect refería referías refería referíamos referíais referían
preterite referí referiste refirió referimos referisteis refirieron
future referiré referirás referirá referiremos referiréis referirán
conditional referiría referirías referiría referiríamos referiríais referirían
subjunctive yo tú
vos		 él/ella/ello
usted		 nosotros
nosotras		 vosotros
vosotras		 ellos/ellas
ustedes
present refiera refierastú
refirásvos2		 refiera refiramos refiráis refieran
imperfect
(ra)		 refiriera refirieras refiriera refiriéramos refirierais refirieran
imperfect
(se)		 refiriese refirieses refiriese refiriésemos refirieseis refiriesen
future1 refiriere refirieres refiriere refiriéremos refiriereis refirieren
imperative — tú
vos		 usted nosotros
nosotras		 vosotros
vosotras		 ustedes
affirmative refieretú
referívos		 refiera refiramos referid refieran
negative no refieras no refiera no refiramos no refiráis no refieran

1Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
2Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of referir (e-ie-i alternation)

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
with infinitive referir
dative referirme referirte referirle, referirse referirnos referiros referirles, referirse
accusative referirme referirte referirlo, referirla, referirse referirnos referiros referirlos, referirlas, referirse
with gerund refiriendo
dative refiriéndome refiriéndote refiriéndole, refiriéndose refiriéndonos refiriéndoos refiriéndoles, refiriéndose
accusative refiriéndome refiriéndote refiriéndolo, refiriéndola, refiriéndose refiriéndonos refiriéndoos refiriéndolos, refiriéndolas, refiriéndose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative refiere
dative refiéreme refiérete refiérele refiérenos not used refiéreles
accusative refiéreme refiérete refiérelo, refiérela refiérenos not used refiérelos, refiérelas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative referí
dative referime referite referile referinos not used referiles
accusative referime referite referilo, referila referinos not used referilos, referilas
with formal second-person singular imperative refiera
dative refiérame not used refiérale, refiérase refiéranos not used refiérales
accusative refiérame not used refiéralo, refiérala, refiérase refiéranos not used refiéralos, refiéralas
with first-person plural imperative refiramos
dative not used refirámoste refirámosle refirámonos refirámoos refirámosles
accusative not used refirámoste refirámoslo, refirámosla refirámonos refirámoos refirámoslos, refirámoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative referid
dative referidme not used referidle referidnos referíos referidles
accusative referidme not used referidlo, referidla referidnos referíos referidlos, referidlas
with formal second-person plural imperative refieran
dative refiéranme not used refiéranle refiérannos not used refiéranles, refiéranse
accusative refiéranme not used refiéranlo, refiéranla refiérannos not used refiéranlos, refiéranlas, refiéranse

Derived terms

Further reading
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