sorprendre

See also: sorprendré

Catalan

Etymology

From Old Catalan sobreprendre, probably with influence from French surprendre. First attested 1803[1].

Pronunciation
  • (Balearic) IPA(key): /soɾˈp(ɾ)ən.dɾə/
  • (Central) IPA(key): /surˈp(ɾ)ɛn.dɾə/
  • (Valencian) IPA(key): /soɾˈp(ɾ)en.dɾe/

Verb

sorprendre (first-person singular present sorprenc, past participle sorprès)

  1. to surprise

Conjugation
Conjugation of sorprendre (second conjugation with velar infix)
infinitive sorprendre
present participle sorprenent
past participle masculine feminine
singular sorprès sorpresa
plural sorpresos sorpreses
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative jo tu ell/ella
vostè		 nosaltres
nós		 vosaltres
vós		 ells/elles
vostès
present sorprenc sorprens sorprèn sorprenem sorpreneu sorprenen
imperfect sorprenia sorprenies sorprenia sorpreníem sorpreníeu sorprenien
future sorprendré sorprendràs sorprendrà sorprendrem sorprendreu sorprendran
preterite sorprenguí sorprengueres sorprengué sorprenguérem sorprenguéreu sorprengueren
conditional sorprendria sorprendries sorprendria sorprendríem sorprendríeu sorprendrien
subjunctive jo tu ell/ella
vostè		 nosaltres
nós		 vosaltres
vós		 ells/elles
vostès
present sorprengui sorprenguis sorprengui sorprenguem sorprengueu sorprenguin
imperfect sorprengués sorprenguessis sorprengués sorprenguéssim sorprenguéssiu sorprenguessin
imperative — tu vostè nosaltres vosaltres
vós		 vostès
— sorprèn sorprengui sorprenguem sorpreneu sorprenguin

References
  1. “sorprendre”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2023

Further reading

Old French

Etymology

sor- +‎ prendre. Earlier, sorprendre (“to overtake”) (formed from sor- (“over”)) was distinguished from sosprendre, sousprendre (“to surprise, catch unaware (from beneath)”) (formed from sous- (“under”)); the two verbs later became one over time.

Verb

sorprendre

  1. to surprise
    • circa 1155, Wace, Le Roman de Brut:
      Cascuns voloit l'altre soprendre
      Each wanted to surprise the other
  2. to seize; to take control of
  3. to overtake

Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a third-group verb. This verb has irregularities in its conjugation. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

    Conjugation of sorprendre (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
simple compound
infinitive sorprendre avoir sorpris
gerund en sorprenant Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle
present participle sorprenant
past participle sorpris
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative jo tu il nos vos il
simple
tenses		 present sorpreing, sorpren sorprenz sorprent sorprenons sorprenez sorprenent
imperfect sorprenoie, sorpreneie sorprenoies, sorpreneies sorprenoit, sorpreneit sorpreniiens, sorpreniens sorpreniiez, sorpreniez sorprenoient, sorpreneient
preterite sorpris sorpreṣis sorprist sorpreṣimes sorpreṣistes sorprisdrent
future sorprendrai sorprendras sorprendra sorprendrons sorprendroiz, sorprendreiz, sorprendrez sorprendront
conditional sorprendroie, sorprendreie sorprendroies, sorprendreies sorprendroit, sorprendreit sorprendriiens, sorprendriens sorprendriiez, sorprendriez sorprendroient, sorprendreient
compound
tenses		 present perfect Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle
pluperfect Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle
past anterior Use the preterite tense of avoir followed by the past participle
future perfect Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle
conditional perfect Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle
subjunctive que jo que tu qu’il que nos que vos qu’il
simple
tenses		 present sorpreigne sorpreignes sorpreigne sorprenons, sorpreigniens, sorpreignons sorprenez, sorpreigniez sorpreignent
imperfect sorpreṣisse sorpreṣisses sorpreṣist sorpreṣissons, sorpreṣissiens sorpreṣissoiz, sorpreṣissez, sorpreṣissiez sorpreṣissent
compound
tenses		 past Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle
pluperfect Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle
imperative – tu – nos vos –
— sorpren — sorprenons sorprenez —

Descendants
  • Middle French: surprendre
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