w
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Translingual
Pronunciation
IPA (file)
Letter
w (upper case W)
- The twenty-third letter of the basic modern Latin alphabet.
- The first letter of callsigns allocated to American broadcast television and radio stations east of the Mississippi river.
Ligature
w (obsolete)
- ⟨uu⟩
- ⟨vv⟩
Gallery
- Letter styles
- Uppercase and lowercase versions of W, in normal and italic type
- Uppercase and lowercase W in Fraktur
See also
- (Latin script): Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Sſs Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz
- (Variations of letter W): Ẃẃ Ẁẁ Ŵŵ Ẅẅ Ẇẇ Ẉẉ W̊ẘ Ⱳⱳ ᴡ Ww
- (Letter combinations): Ꜳꜳ Ææ ᴁᴭ Ǽǽ Ǣǣ Ꜵꜵ Åå Ꜷꜷ Ꜹꜹ Ꜻꜻ Ꜽꜽ ct ȸ DZDzdz DŽDždž ᴂᵆ ᴔ & ff fi ffi fl ffl ℔ IJij LJLjlj Ỻỻ Ŋŋ NJNjnj Œœ ɶ Ꝏꝏ Ȣȣᴕ ȹ ẞß ſtst ᵫ Ůů Ww Ꝡꝡ
- Turned: ʍ
- Ƿ
- ʬ
Other representations of W:
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English
Pronunciation
- (letter name): IPA(key): /ˈdʌbl̩.juː/, /ˈdʌbə.juː/, /ˈdʌbiː.(j)uː/, /ˈdʌb.juː/, /ˈdʌb.jə/, /ˈdʌb/, /ˈdʌbz/
Audio (US) (file)
- (phoneme): IPA(key): /w/
- (letter name) Rhymes: -ʌbjə, -ʌb, -ʌbəlju
Letter
See also
Etymology 2
Abbreviations.
w
Preposition
w
- (Internet slang, text messaging) Abbreviation of with.
- Alternative form: w/
- 2013, Jessica Burkhart, Home for Christmas (Canterwood Crest; Super Special), New York, NY: Aladdin M!X, →ISBN, page 44:
- This was supposed 2 be a SURPRISE, but the girls got it out of me. ☺ I wanted all of us 2 spend Xmas 2gether. By all, I mean r horses 2. Sooo . . . B, C, G, Z, & D, you have guests waiting @ BC. Zane, Valentino, Scout, Nero, & Polo r there! Now we can ride r horses when we r not volunteering & spend Xmas w them. ☺
- with a wing (on the Enneagram)
- When Sharon took the Enneagram test, she came out as a 3w2.
Basque
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ube bikoi̯t͡s̻/, [u.β̞e̞ β̞i.ko̞i̯t͡s̻]
Letter
w (lower case, upper case W)
- The twenty-fourth letter of the Basque alphabet, called uve bikoitz and written in the Latin script.
Usage notes
- Used chiefly in recent loanwords and foreign proper nouns.
Danish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /dɔbəlveː/, [ˈd̥ʌb̥əlˌveːˀ]
Dutch
Pronunciation
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -eː
- (letter name): IPA(key): /ʋeː/
Egyptian
Pronunciation
- (modern Egyptological) IPA(key): /uː/
- Conventional anglicization: u
Particle
|
enclitic
- (Old Egyptian) not; used to negate the subjunctive or prospective in wishes and commands
Alternative forms
| ||
w |
Inflection
singular | w |
---|---|
dual | wwj |
plural | ww |
Alternative forms
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| |||||
w | w | |||||
[Old Kingdom] |
References
- Erman, Adolf; Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache, volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, page 243.1–243.8
- James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, 198, 415 page 51, 198, 415.
Finnish
Pronunciation
Audio (file)
Letter
w (lower case, upper case W)
- A letter of the Finnish alphabet, called kaksoisvee and written in the Latin script.
Usage notes
- In the Finnish alphabet, w is a variant of v.
- Used only in loanwords and proper names with old spelling.
Fula
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /w/
Gothic
Haitian Creole
Hungarian
Pronunciation
- (phoneme): IPA(key): [ˈv]
- (letter name): IPA(key): [ˈduplɒveː]
Letter
w (lower case, upper case W)
Declension
Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, front unrounded harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | w | w-k |
accusative | w-t | w-ket |
dative | w-nek | w-knek |
instrumental | w-vel | w-kkel |
causal-final | w-ért | w-kért |
translative | w-vé | w-kké |
terminative | w-ig | w-kig |
essive-formal | w-ként | w-kként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | w-ben | w-kben |
superessive | w-n | w-ken |
adessive | w-nél | w-knél |
illative | w-be | w-kbe |
sublative | w-re | w-kre |
allative | w-hez | w-khez |
elative | w-ből | w-kből |
delative | w-ről | w-kről |
ablative | w-től | w-ktől |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
w-é | w-ké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
w-éi | w-kéi |
Possessive forms of w | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | w-m | w-im |
2nd person sing. | w-d | w-id |
3rd person sing. | w-je | w-i |
1st person plural | w-nk | w-ink |
2nd person plural | w-tek | w-itek |
3rd person plural | w-jük | w-ik |
See also
- (Latin-script letters) betű; A a, Á á, B b, C c, Cs cs, D d, Dz dz, Dzs dzs, E e, É é, F f, G g, Gy gy, H h, I i, Í í, J j, K k, L l, Ly ly, M m, N n, Ny ny, O o, Ó ó, Ö ö, Ő ő, P p, R r, S s, Sz sz, T t, Ty ty, U u, Ú ú, Ü ü, Ű ű, V v, Z z, Zs zs. Only in the extended alphabet: Q q W w X x Y y. Commonly used: ch. Also defined: à ë. In surnames (selection): ä aa cz ds eé eö ew oe oó th ts ÿ.
Further reading
- w in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
Ido
Italian
Letter
w f or m (invariable, lower case, upper case W)
- the twenty-third letter of the Latin alphabet, called doppia vu or vu doppia in Italian
Usage notes
- The letter W is not considered part of the Italian alphabet. It is found mainly in loanwords.
Japanese
Usage notes
- w can be used multiple times in a row, as in the examples above; it is sometimes repeated to quite lengthy extents.
Derived terms
- 草 (kusa)
Lower Sorbian
Alternative forms
- we (especially before labial consonants and consonant clusters)
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *vъ(n), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /w/ (before vowels)
- (silent before consonants)
Malay
Letter
w (lower case, upper case W)
Norwegian
Pronunciation
- (letter name): IPA(key): /ˈdɔbəlt.ˌʋeː/
- (phoneme): IPA(key): /ʋ/, /v/
Audio (file)
Letter
w
- The 23rd letter of the Norwegian alphabet.
Usage notes
- Only appears in loanwords from e.g. German.
Old Polish
Alternative forms
Etymology
Proto-Slavic *vъ(n), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *in, from Proto-Indo-European *én. First attested in the first half of the 14th century.
Preposition
w
- denotes illative movement; into [+accusative]
- denotes contact because of movement, i.e. to bump into something [+accusative]
- denotes allative movement; to, towards [+accusative]
- used in temporal constructions to create adverbs from nouns [+accusative]
- denotes a goal or aim; for [+accusative] or [+locative]
- denotes function; in the role of; as [+accusative] or [+locative]
- denotes a manner; in [+accusative] or [+locative]
- denotes instrumental usage [+accusative] or [+locative]
- used with some nouns to denote physical or temporal measure [+accusative] or [+locative]
- denotes the amount of participants [+accusative]
- denotes a change of state; into [+accusative]
- denotes the intended addressee of a statement; at [+accusative] or [+locative]
- used in some syntactical constructions with verbs [+accusative]
- denotes inessive position; in [+locative]
- denotes position in time; in [+locative]
- denotes cause; because of [+locative]
- used in some noun constructions to denote "in the pattern of" [+locative]
- denotes state; in [+locative]
Descendants
- Polish: w
References
- B. Sieradzka-Baziur, editor (2011–2015), “w”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
Polish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /vu/
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -u
- Syllabification: w
Letter
w (upper case W, lower case)
See also
Etymology 2
Inherited from Old Polish w, from Proto-Slavic *vъ(n), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *in, from Proto-Indo-European *én. First attested in the first half of the 14th century.[1]
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /v/, /f/
Audio (file)
Preposition
w
- Denotes inessive position; in, at, on [+locative]
- Od roku mieszkam we Francji. ― I've lived in France for a year.
- On siedzi w więzieniu za morderstwo. ― He's in prison for murder.
- Widziałam cię wczoraj w pociągu. ― I saw you on the train yesterday.
- Denotes position in time; in, on [+locative] or sometimes [+accusative]
- Urodziłem się w czerwcu. ― I was born in June.
- W niedzielę zawsze chodzimy do kościoła. ― We always go to church on Sundays.
- W zeszłym roku podróżowaliśmy po Europie. ― Last year we travelled around Europe.
- Denotes state; in [+locative]
- Byłem w szoku po wypadku. ― I was in shock after the accident.
- Kupił dziewczynie naszyjnik w postaci serca. ― He bought his girlfriend a necklace in the shape of a heart.
- Denotes approxmiate position; at [+locative]
- Musi być coś, w czym jesteś dobry? ― There must be something you're good at?
- Denotes illative movement; into, in, to [+accusative]
- Włożył koszulę w spodnie. ― He tucked his shirt into his trousers.
- Uderzyłem go prosto w twarz. ― I hit him right in the face.
- Skręć w lewo za pocztą. ― Turn (to the) left after the post office.
- Denotes a change of state; into [+accusative]
- Stary młyn przekształcono w nowoczesne mieszkania. ― They turned the old mill into modern apartments.
- Pokrój ziemniaki w małe kawałki. ― Cut the potatoes into small pieces.
- Used in some noun constructions to denote "in the pattern of" decorated with [+accusative]
- Miała na sobie długą, granatową suknię w złote gwiazdki. ― She was wearing a long, dark blue dress decorated with little gold stars.
- koszula w kratkę ― plaid shirt
- geopard w cętki. ― A spotted leopard
- Denotes length of time; within, in the space of, in [+accusative]
- Cały egzamin skończyłem w godzinę. ― I finished the whole exam within an hour.
- Synonyms: w ciągu, w przeciągu, na przestrzeni
- Denotes an amount or number; in, as [+accusative]
- Zróbmy coś fajnego, tylko w dwójkę. ― Let's do something fun, just the two of us.
- W tę grę można grać w cztery osoby. ― You can play this game as a foursome.
Usage notes
Some combinations of sounds, chiefly consonant clusters at the beginning of the following noun, require that this preposition be used in the vocalized form we. Examples:
- we włosach ― in the hair
- we Wrocławiu ― in Wrocław
But:
- w Warszawie ― in Warsaw
Trivia
According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), w is one of the top 10,355 most used words in Polish, appearing 3570 times in scientific texts, 4769 times in news, 3819 times in essays, 2589 times in fiction, and 1569 times in plays, totaling 16316 times, making it the 1st most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[2]
References
- B. Sieradzka-Baziur, editor (2011–2015), “w”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
- Ida Kurcz (1990), “w”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 650, Kraków; Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 2
Further reading
- w in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- w in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- “W”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 18.01.2023
- Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807-1814), “w”, in Słownik języka polskiego
- Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861), “w”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
- J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1919), “w”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 7, Warsaw, page 435
Portuguese
Pronunciation
Letter name:
Phoneme:
- IPA(key): /w/, /v/ (used in loanwords, varies according to the source language of the borrowed term)
Letter
w (lower case, upper case W)
Romani
Letter
w (lower case, upper case W)
- A letter used to represent the voiced labial-velar approximant (/w/) in the International Standard orthography.
References
- Yūsuke Sumi (2018), “w”, in ニューエクスプレス ロマ(ジプシー)語 [New Express Romani (Gypsy)] (in Japanese), Tokyo: Hakusuisha, →ISBN, page 16
Romanian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /v/, /w/, /u/
Letter
w (lower case, upper case W)
Usage notes
Used chiefly in recent loanwords and foreign proper nouns.
Spanish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): (phoneme) /w/, /ɡw/, /β/
- IPA(key): (letter name) /ˌube ˈdoble/ [ˌu.β̞e ˈð̞o.β̞le]
- IPA(key): (letter name) /ˈdoble ˌbe/ [ˈd̪o.β̞le ˌβ̞e]
Audio (Spain) (file)
Swedish
Pronunciation
- Letter name
- IPA(key): /ˈdɵbɛlveː/
- Phoneme
- IPA(key): /v/, (rare, in foreign loanwords) /w/
- Homophone: v (in most positions)
Letter
w (lower case, upper case W)
- The twenty-third letter of the Swedish alphabet, called dubbel-ve and written in the Latin script. Previously treated as a variant of the letter v and not as its own independent letter.
Usage notes
- In blackletter typography, w was commonly used instead of v. When printers (gradually during the 19th century) changed to Latin typography, spelling changed from w to v, except in some family names. However, this change does not count as a spelling reform.
- In many abbreviations, Swedes say v (ve, as in German) instead of w (dubbelve), e.g. BMW (be emm ve), VW (ve ve), WC (ve se), WHO (ve hå o), WWW (ve ve ve).
See also
References
Welsh
Alternative forms
- (with grave accent to indicate otherwise unpredictable short vowel): ẁ
- (with acute accent to indicate unusually stressed short vowel): ẃ
- (with circumflex to indicate otherwise unpredictable or unusually stressed long vowel or disyllabicity): ŵ
- (with diaeresis to indicate disyllabicity): ẅ
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /uː/
Letter
w (lower case, upper case W)
Mutation
- w cannot be mutated but when representing a vowel, does take h-prothesis, for example with the word wy (“egg”):
Welsh mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
radical | soft | nasal | h-prothesis |
wy | unchanged | unchanged | hwy |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Derived terms
- Digraph sequences: wy
See also
- (Latin-script letters) llythyren; A a (Á á, À à, Â â, Ä ä), B b, C c, Ch ch, D d, Dd dd, E e (É é, È è, Ê ê, Ë ë), F f, Ff ff, G g, Ng ng, H h, I i (Í í, Ì ì, Î î, Ï ï), J j, L l, Ll ll, M m, N n, O o (Ó ó, Ò ò, Ô ô, Ö ö), P p, Ph ph, R r, Rh rh, S s, T t, Th th, U u (Ú ú, Ù ù, Û û, Ü ü), W w (Ẃ ẃ, Ẁ ẁ, Ŵ ŵ, Ẅ ẅ), Y y (Ý ý, Ỳ ỳ, Ŷ ŷ, Ÿ ÿ)
- (Latin-script letter names) llythyren; a, bi, ec, èch, di, èdd, e, èf, èff, èg, eng, aetsh, i / i dot, je, ce, el, èll, em, en, o, pi, ffi, ciw, er, rhi, ès, ti, èth, u / u bedol, fi, w, ecs, y, sèd
Mutation
Welsh mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
radical | soft | nasal | h-prothesis |
w | unchanged | unchanged | hw |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʊ/, /w/
Usage notes
This word is usually found in conjunction with the pronoun i and so may be pronounced as part of a diphthong /ʊi̯/ or as /wiː/.
Verb
w
- (South Wales) first-person singular present colloquial of bod (in affirmative or negative statements)
- W i yn y car.
- I’m in the car.
- W i ddim yn hapus.
- I’m not happy.
Related terms
- ydw (interrogative)
Yoruba
Letter
w (lower case, upper case W)
See also
- (Latin-script letters) lẹ́tà; A a (Á á, À à, Ā ā), B b, D d, E e (É é, È è, Ē ē), Ẹ ẹ (Ẹ́ ẹ́, Ẹ̀ ẹ̀, Ẹ̄ ẹ̄), F f, G g, Gb gb, H h, I i (Í í, Ì ì, Ī ī), J j, K k, L l, M m (Ḿ ḿ, M̀ m̀, M̄ m̄), N n (Ń ń, Ǹ ǹ, N̄ n̄), O o (Ó ó, Ò ò, Ō ō), Ọ ọ (Ọ́ ọ́, Ọ̀ ọ̀, Ọ̄ ọ̄), P p, R r, S s, Ṣ ṣ, T t, U u (Ú ú, Ù ù, Ū ū), W w, Y y
Zhuang
Pronunciation
- (Standard Zhuang) IPA(key): /ʔɯ˨˦/
- Tone numbers: w1
- Hyphenation: w
Zulu
Letter
w (lower case, upper case W)