Νεμογαρδα

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Νεμογαρδάς (Nemogardás) is from misspelled *Νεβογαρδάς (*Nebogardás), from South Slavic *Новогардъ, from Proto-Slavic *Novogordъ / *Novъgordъ, from *novъ (“new”) +‎ *gordъ. Compare Old East Slavic Новъгородъ (Novŭgorodŭ).

Misspelling:

Per Bury (1906), Νεμογαρδάς (Nemogardás) is corrupted from *Νεβογαρδάς (*Nebogardás) by confusion of 'μ' and 'β'[1]. 'β' is spelled as 'u' (tailless μ) in Codex Parisinus gr. 2009, for example:
- β: βασιλευέτω (basileuétō)[2], χρωβατία (khrōbatía)[3], βοσπόρου (bospórou)[4].
- μ: μουάμε̄θ (mouámēth)[5], κόμματα (kómmata)[6], πολέμου (polémou)[7].
Per Rački (1880), *Νεύογαρδα (*Neúogarda)[8]. It is similar to reconstuction *Νούιγράδε (*Noúigráde)[9], given for Νουγράδε (Nougráde)[10].
'e' is left unexplained. *Новѣгардѣ would give *Νοβεγαρδε, compare Old East Slavic Новѣгородѣ (Nověgorodě), Νουγράδε (Nougráde), Βουσεγραδέ (Bousegradé) and Μιλινίσκαν (Milinískan)[11] : Смольньскъ (Smolĭnĭskŭ), Δάναπριν (Dánaprin)[12] : Дънѣпръ (Dŭněprŭ).

-γαρδ-:

per Šewc (2003), Southeast-Balkanian Slavic *Novogard[13] or per Perwolf (1877), Bulgarian-Slavonic? *Новогардъ[14]. Another unmetathetized word is Δερβλενίνοις (Derblenínois, Dpl)[15] / Βερβιάνων (Berbiánōn, Gpl)[16], compare Old East Slavic Деревлѧне (Derevlęne). Other borrowings are:
- Βουσεγραδέ (Bousegradé)[17], from locative *Вꙑшеградѣ of *Вꙑшеградъ. Compare Old East Slavic Вꙑшегородъ (Vyšegorodŭ), Old Church Slavonic градъ (gradŭ).
- Ὀστροβουνιπράχ (Ostrobouniprákh, “τὸ νησίον τοῦ φραγμοῦ”)[18] (Dnieper Rapid), from *Островьнꙑи прагъ. Compare Old East Slavic порогъ (porogŭ), Proto-Slavic *porgъ.
- Βουλνηπράχ (Boulnēprákh)[19].
Per Тихомиров (1956), from Normans[20]. Compare Old Norse Holmgarðr (“Novgorod”)[21][22], from holmr + garðr.

Pronunciation

(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ne.mo.ɣar.ða/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ne.mo.ɣar.ða/

Proper noun

Νεμογαρδα • (Nemogarda) m (genitive Νεμογαρδάς); ? declension

Novgorod
- John Doukas, editor (1070±11), “νεμογαρδὰσ”, in Codex Parisinus gr. 2009 (in gkm), page 13, line 6:
  […] εἰσὶ μὲν ἀπὸ τοῦ νεμογαρδὰσ· […]
  […] eisì mèn apò toû nemogardàs; […]
  […] are from Novgorod […]

Usage notes

Meaning:
- Per Banduri (1711), equivalent to Novogardia, Novogorod[23]
- Per Ляскоронский (1913), new part of Kiev[24]

Inflection

Genitive singular attested once as Νεμογαρδάς (Nemogardás)

References

Bury, J. B. (1906), “The treatise De administrando imperio”, in Byzantinische Zeitschrift, volume 15, Leipzig, page 543
John Doukas, editor (1070±11), “βασιλευέτω”, in Codex Parisinus gr. 2009 (in gkm), page 5, line -8
John Doukas, editor (1070±11), “χρωβατία”, in Codex Parisinus gr. 2009 (in gkm), page 92.5, line 4
John Doukas, editor (1070±11), “βοσπόρου”, in Codex Parisinus gr. 2009 (in gkm), page 195.5, line 4
John Doukas, editor (1070±11), “μουάμε̄θ”, in Codex Parisinus gr. 2009 (in gkm), page 38, line 8
John Doukas, editor (1070±11), “κόμματα”, in Codex Parisinus gr. 2009 (in gkm), page 166.5, line 1
John Doukas, editor (1070±11), “πολέμου”, in Codex Parisinus gr. 2009 (in gkm), page 184.5, line -2
Rački, Franjo (1880), “Biela Hrvatska i biela Srbija (Čitao u sjednici filologičko-historičkoga razreda jugoslavenske akademije znanosti i umjetnosti dne 23. listopada 1878)”, in Rad jugoslavenske akademije znanosti i umjetnosti, volume 52, Zagreb: U knjižarnici Lavoslava Hartmana na prodaju, page 144: “do Novgoroda (Νεύογαρδα)”
Rački, Franjo (1877), “rectius Νούιγράδε, Novigrad”, in Monumenta spectantia historiam Slavorum meridionalium: Documenta historiae chroaticae periodum antiquam illustrantia, volume 7, Zagreb: Sumptibus Academiae scientiarum et artium, page 415, 409
John Doukas, editor (1070±11), “νουγράδε”, in Codex Parisinus gr. 2009 (in gkm), page 104, line 4
John Doukas, editor (1070±11), “τὴν μιλινίσκᾶ”, in Codex Parisinus gr. 2009 (in gkm), page 13, line 9
John Doukas, editor (1070±11), “τὸν δάναπριν”, in Codex Parisinus gr. 2009 (in gkm), page 13.5, line 8
Šewc, Hinc (2003), “Славянская метатеза плавных и процесс дезинтеграции праславянского”, in Вопросы языкознания (in Russian), issue 1, Moscow: Nauka, 3. Ограниченная метатеза, page 82: “Νεμογαρδάς (= Novogard)”
Perwolf, Josef (1877), “Варяги-Русь и Балтійскіе Славяне”, in Журналъ Министерства Народнаго Просвѣщенія, volume 192, Saint Petersburg: Типографія В. С. Балашева, page 63: “Новогардъ (Νεμογαρδα) и Новогордъ (Νοβογορδων)”
John Doukas, editor (1070±11), “δερβλενίνοισ”, in Codex Parisinus gr. 2009 (in gkm), page 107, line -3
John Doukas, editor (1070±11), “βερβιάνων”, in Codex Parisinus gr. 2009 (in gkm), page 18.5, line 4
John Doukas, editor (1070±11), “τοῦ βουσεγραδέ”, in Codex Parisinus gr. 2009 (in gkm), page 13, line 11
John Doukas, editor (1070±11), “ὀστροβουνιπράχ”, in Codex Parisinus gr. 2009 (in gkm), page 15, line 5
John Doukas, editor (1070±11), “βουλνηπράχ”, in Codex Parisinus gr. 2009 (in gkm), page 16, line 3
Тихомиров, Михаил (1956) Древнерусские города, Moscow: Государственное издательство политической литературы, page 14
“holmgarðr” in Dictionary of Old Norse Prose (ONP) at University of Copenhagen
Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “Новгород”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
Banduri, Anselmo (1711) Imperium Orientale, ſive Antiquitates Conſtantinopolitanæ, volume 2, Pariſiis, page 36
Ляскоронский, В. Г. (1913), “Кіевскій Вышгородъ въ удѣльно-вѣчевое время”, in Журналъ Министерства Народнаго Просвѣщенія, volume 44, Saint Petersburg: Сенатская типографія, page 231
John Doukas, editor (1070±11), “κάστρον νεόκαστρον”, in Codex Parisinus gr. 2009 (in gkm), page 62, line 10
John Doukas, editor (1070±11), “τζιβιτανόβα”, in Codex Parisinus gr. 2009 (in gkm), page 59.5, line 5