سدر

Arabic

سَدَارَة

Etymology 1

From the root س د ر‎ (s-d-r).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sa.di.ra/

Verb

سَدِرَ • (sadira) I, non-past يَسْدَرُ‎‎ (yasdaru)

to be dazzled, to be blinded, to have vision blocked
- c. 700, al-ʾaḵṭal at-taġlibī, ألا سائل الجحاف هل هو ثائر‎:
  
  ‏يصولُ بمَجْرٍ لَيْسَ يُحْصى عديدُه
  ويَسْدَرُ مِنْهُ، ساجِياً، كلُّ ناظِرِ‎
  He encroaches numerously in a number that cannot be counted
  And every beholder is silent and dazzled by him.
to be careless, to be regardless, to be reckless

Conjugation

Conjugation of

سَدِرَ

(form-I sound, verbal nouns سَدَر or سَدَارَة)

active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
verbal nouns الْمَصَادِر					سَدَر or سَدَارَة‎ sadar or sadāra
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل					سَادِر‎ sādir
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول					مَسْدُور‎ masdūr
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	سَدِرْتُ‎ sadirtu	سَدِرْتَ‎ sadirta	سَدِرَ sadira	سَدِرْتُمَا‎ sadirtumā	سَدِرَا‎ sadirā	سَدِرْنَا‎ sadirnā	سَدِرْتُمْ‎ sadirtum	سَدِرُوا‎ sadirū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	سَدِرْتُ‎ sadirtu	سَدِرْتِ‎ sadirti	سَدِرَتْ‎ sadirat	سَدِرْتُمَا‎ sadirtumā	سَدِرَتَا‎ sadiratā	سَدِرْنَا‎ sadirnā	سَدِرْتُنَّ‎ sadirtunna	سَدِرْنَ‎ sadirna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَسْدَرُ‎ ʔasdaru	تَسْدَرُ‎ tasdaru	يَسْدَرُ‎ yasdaru	تَسْدَرَانِ‎ tasdarāni	يَسْدَرَانِ‎ yasdarāni	نَسْدَرُ‎ nasdaru	تَسْدَرُونَ‎ tasdarūna	يَسْدَرُونَ‎ yasdarūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أَسْدَرُ‎ ʔasdaru	تَسْدَرِينَ‎ tasdarīna	تَسْدَرُ‎ tasdaru	تَسْدَرَانِ‎ tasdarāni	تَسْدَرَانِ‎ tasdarāni	نَسْدَرُ‎ nasdaru	تَسْدَرْنَ‎ tasdarna	يَسْدَرْنَ‎ yasdarna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَسْدَرَ‎ ʔasdara	تَسْدَرَ‎ tasdara	يَسْدَرَ‎ yasdara	تَسْدَرَا‎ tasdarā	يَسْدَرَا‎ yasdarā	نَسْدَرَ‎ nasdara	تَسْدَرُوا‎ tasdarū	يَسْدَرُوا‎ yasdarū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أَسْدَرَ‎ ʔasdara	تَسْدَرِي‎ tasdarī	تَسْدَرَ‎ tasdara	تَسْدَرَا‎ tasdarā	تَسْدَرَا‎ tasdarā	نَسْدَرَ‎ nasdara	تَسْدَرْنَ‎ tasdarna	يَسْدَرْنَ‎ yasdarna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَسْدَرْ‎ ʔasdar	تَسْدَرْ‎ tasdar	يَسْدَرْ‎ yasdar	تَسْدَرَا‎ tasdarā	يَسْدَرَا‎ yasdarā	نَسْدَرْ‎ nasdar	تَسْدَرُوا‎ tasdarū	يَسْدَرُوا‎ yasdarū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أَسْدَرْ‎ ʔasdar	تَسْدَرِي‎ tasdarī	تَسْدَرْ‎ tasdar	تَسْدَرَا‎ tasdarā	تَسْدَرَا‎ tasdarā	نَسْدَرْ‎ nasdar	تَسْدَرْنَ‎ tasdarna	يَسْدَرْنَ‎ yasdarna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اِسْدَرْ‎ isdar		اِسْدَرَا‎ isdarā			اِسْدَرُوا‎ isdarū
imperative الْأَمْر	f		اِسْدَرِي‎ isdarī		اِسْدَرَا‎ isdarā			اِسْدَرْنَ‎ isdarna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	—	—	سُدِرَ sudira	—	—	—	—	—
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	—	—	يُسْدَرُ‎ yusdaru	—	—	—	—	—
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	—	—	يُسْدَرَ‎ yusdara	—	—	—	—	—
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	—	—	يُسْدَرْ‎ yusdar	—	—	—	—	—
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—

Noun

سَدَر • (sadar) m

verbal noun of سَدِرَ (sadira) (form I)

Declension

Declension of noun سَدَر (sadar)

Singular	basic singular triptote
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	سَدَر sadar	السَّدَر‎ as-sadar	سَدَر sadar
Nominative	سَدَرٌ sadarun	السَّدَرُ‎ as-sadaru	سَدَرُ sadaru
Accusative	سَدَرًا‎ sadaran	السَّدَرَ‎ as-sadara	سَدَرَ sadara
Genitive	سَدَرٍ sadarin	السَّدَرِ‎ as-sadari	سَدَرِ sadari

سِدْر – Ziziphus spina-christi

Etymology 2

From the root س د ر‎ (s-d-r) meaning “to obscure or block vision”, “to make an area inaccessible or blocked”; originally applied variously to lofty trees associated with shade.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sidr/

Noun

سِدْر • (sidr) m (collective, singulative سِدْرَة‎ f (sidra), plural سُدُور‎ (sudūr) or سِدَر (sidar), paucal سِدَرَات‎ (sidarāt))

buckthorn, trees of the genus Ziziphus
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 56:28-29:
  
  ‏فِي سِدْرٍ مَّخْضُودٍ وَطَلْحٍ مَّنْضُودٍ‎
  fī sidrin mmaḵḍūdin waṭalḥin mmanḍūdin
  [They will be] among buckthorn trees with thorns removed and vachellia trees layered [with fruit]
Synonym: نَبَق‎ (nabaq)

Declension

Declension of noun سِدْر (sidr)

Collective	basic collective triptote
Collective	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	سِدْر sidr	السِّدْر‎ as-sidr	سِدْر sidr
Nominative	سِدْرٌ sidrun	السِّدْرُ‎ as-sidru	سِدْرُ sidru
Accusative	سِدْرًا‎ sidran	السِّدْرَ‎ as-sidra	سِدْرَ sidra
Genitive	سِدْرٍ sidrin	السِّدْرِ‎ as-sidri	سِدْرِ sidri
Singulative	singulative triptote in ـَة (-a)
Singulative	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	سِدْرَة‎ sidra	السِّدْرَة‎ as-sidra	سِدْرَة‎ sidrat
Nominative	سِدْرَةٌ‎ sidratun	السِّدْرَةُ‎ as-sidratu	سِدْرَةُ‎ sidratu
Accusative	سِدْرَةً‎ sidratan	السِّدْرَةَ‎ as-sidrata	سِدْرَةَ‎ sidrata
Genitive	سِدْرَةٍ‎ sidratin	السِّدْرَةِ‎ as-sidrati	سِدْرَةِ‎ sidrati
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	سِدْرَتَيْن‎ sidratayn	السِّدْرَتَيْن‎ as-sidratayn	سِدْرَتَيْ‎ sidratay
Nominative	سِدْرَتَانِ‎ sidratāni	السِّدْرَتَانِ‎ as-sidratāni	سِدْرَتَا‎ sidratā
Accusative	سِدْرَتَيْنِ‎ sidratayni	السِّدْرَتَيْنِ‎ as-sidratayni	سِدْرَتَيْ‎ sidratay
Genitive	سِدْرَتَيْنِ‎ sidratayni	السِّدْرَتَيْنِ‎ as-sidratayni	سِدْرَتَيْ‎ sidratay
Paucal (3-10)	sound feminine paucal
Paucal (3-10)	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	سِدَرَات‎ sidarāt	السِّدَرَات‎ as-sidarāt	سِدَرَات‎ sidarāt
Nominative	سِدَرَاتٌ‎ sidarātun	السِّدَرَاتُ‎ as-sidarātu	سِدَرَاتُ‎ sidarātu
Accusative	سِدَرَاتٍ‎ sidarātin	السِّدَرَاتِ‎ as-sidarāti	سِدَرَاتِ‎ sidarāti
Genitive	سِدَرَاتٍ‎ sidarātin	السِّدَرَاتِ‎ as-sidarāti	سِدَرَاتِ‎ sidarāti
Plural of variety	basic broken plural triptote
Plural of variety	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	سُدُور‎‎; سِدَر sudūr‎; sidar	السُّدُور‎‎; السِّدَر‎ as-sudūr‎; as-sidar	سُدُور‎‎; سِدَر sudūr‎; sidar
Nominative	سُدُورٌ‎‎; سِدَرٌ sudūrun‎; sidarun	السُّدُورُ‎‎; السِّدَرُ‎ as-sudūru‎; as-sidaru	سُدُورُ‎‎; سِدَرُ sudūru‎; sidaru
Accusative	سُدُورًا‎‎; سِدَرًا‎ sudūran‎; sidaran	السُّدُورَ‎‎; السِّدَرَ‎ as-sudūra‎; as-sidara	سُدُورَ‎‎; سِدَرَ sudūra‎; sidara
Genitive	سُدُورٍ‎‎; سِدَرٍ sudūrin‎; sidarin	السُّدُورِ‎‎; السِّدَرِ‎ as-sudūri‎; as-sidari	سُدُورِ‎‎; سِدَرِ sudūri‎; sidari

Descendants

→ Classical Azerbaijani: sidrə
→ Persian: سدر‎ (sedr)
→ Ottoman Turkish: سدره‎ (sidre), سدر‎ (sidr)
- Turkish: sidre

References

Freytag, Georg (1833), “سدر”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 299
Löw, Immanuel (1934) Die Flora der Juden‎ (in German), volume 4, Wien und Leipzig: R. Löwit, page 67
Wehr, Hans; Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985), “سدر”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 561

Ottoman Turkish

سدره – Ziziphus jujuba

Etymology 1

From Arabic سِدْر‎ (sidr).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sidr/

Noun

سدر • (sidr) (singulative سدره‎ (sidre))

buckthorn, trees of the genus Ziziphus

Descendants

Turkish: sidre

Etymology 2

سدر لبنان – Cedrus libani

From French cèdre.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sɛdr/, /sɛdir/

Noun

سدر • (sedr, sedir)

cedar, tree of the genus Cedrus

Descendants

Turkish: sedr, sedir
→? Azerbaijani: sidr (“cedar”) (by confusion)

References

Zenker, Julius Theodor (1876), “سدر”, in Türkisch-arabisch-persisches Handwörterbuch, volume 2, Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann, page 501b

South Levantine Arabic

Noun

سدر • (ṣidr) m

Alternative spelling of صدر‎ (ṣidr)

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