سفید

Persian

Alternative forms
  • سپید‎ (sapêd) (literary, poetic)
  • اسپید‎ (espêd) (poetic, dialectal)[1]
  • اسفید‎ (esfid), اسبید‎ (esbêd)[2][3]

Etymology

From earlier سپید‎ (sapêd), from Middle Persian spyt' (spēd, “white”), from Proto-Iranian *cwaytáh (compare Avestan 𐬯𐬞𐬀𐬉𐬙𐬀‎ (spaēta, “white”), Sogdian [script needed] (ʾspʾyt)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćwaytás (compare Sanskrit श्वेत (śvetá, “white, bright”)), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱweytós (“bright; shine”) (compare Old Church Slavonic свѣтъ (světŭ), Old English hwīt (“white”)).

Borrowed from Iranian: Old Armenian սպիտակ (spitak), սպետ (spet), սպիտ (spit); Old Georgian სპეტაკი (sṗeṭaḳi), სპეტი (sṗeṭi), Georgian სუფთა (supta), Arabic سِبِيدَاج‎ (sibīdāj), Ottoman Turkish اوستبج‎ (üstübec), استوبج‎ (üstübec).

Pronunciation
  • (Tajik) IPA(key): /safed/

Adjective
Dari سفید
Iranian Persian
Tajik сафед (safed)

سفید • (sefid)

  1. white
  2. fair
  3. pale
  4. clear

Derived terms

Descendants
  • → Assamese: চফেদ (sophed), ছফেদ (sophed)
  • → Bengali: সফেদ (śophed)
  • → Gujarati: સફેદ (saphed)
  • → Hindustani: safed
    Hindi: सफ़ेद
    Urdu: سفید‎
  • → Maithili: saphēd
    Devanagari script: सफेद
    Tirhuta script: 𑒮𑒤𑒹𑒠
  • → Marathi: सफेद (saphed)
  • → Marwari: सफेद (saphed)
  • → Oriya: ସଫେଦ (sôphedô)
  • → Old Punjabi: ਸੁਪੇਦੁ (supedu)
  • → Sindhi:
    Arabic script: سُفيدُ‎
    Devanagari script: सुफ़ेदु

See also
Colors in Persian · رنگ‌ها‎ (rang-hâ) (layout · text)
     سفید (sefid)      خاکستری‎ (xâkestari), توسی‎ (tusi)      سیاه‎ (siyâh), مشکی‎ (meški)
             سرخ‎ (sorx), قرمز‎ (qermez); زرشکی‎ (zereški)              نارنجی‎ (nârenji); قهوه‌ای‎ (qahve-'i), بور‎ (bur)              زرد‎ (zard); کرم‎ (kerem)
             سبز لیمویی‎ (sabz-e limuyi)              سبز‎ (sabz)             
             آبی دریایی‎ (âbi-ye daryâyi); سبز دودی‎ (sabz-e dudi), فیروزه‌ای‎ (firuze-i)              لاجوردی‎ (lâjvardi)              آبی‎ (âbi), سرمه‌ای‎ (sorme-'i)
             بنفش‎ (banafš); نیلی‎ (nili)              سرخابی‎ (sorxâbi); ارغوانی‎ (arğavâni)              صورتی‎ (surati)

References
  1. Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–), “اسپید”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press
  2. Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–), “اسفید”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press
  3. Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–), “اسبید”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press
  • Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1979), “սպիտակ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), volume IV, 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press, pages 264–265
  • Horn, Paul (1893) Grundriss der neupersischen Etymologie (in German), Strasbourg: K.J. Trübner, § 708, page 157
  • Hübschmann, Heinrich (1897) Armenische Grammatik. 1. Theil: Armenische Etymologie (in German), Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, page 240
  • MacKenzie, D. N. (1971), “spēd”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian سفید‎ (safed).

Pronunciation

Adjective

سفید • (safed) (Hindi spelling सफ़ेद)

  1. white
  2. clean
  3. blank

Synonyms

Derived terms
  • سفیدہ‎ (safēdā)
  • سفیدی‎ (safēdī)

See also
Colors in Urdu · رنگ‎ (raṅg) (layout · text)
     سفید (safed), ابیض‎ (abyaz)      سرمئی‎ (sarmaī), خاکستری‎ (xākistarī), دھوسر‎ (dhūsar)      کالا‎ (kālā), سیاہ‎ (siyāh), اسود‎ (aswad)
             سرخ‎ (surx), لال‎ (lāl), قرمزی‎ (qarmazī), احمر‎ (ahmar)              مالٹائی‎ (mālṭāī), نارنجی‎ (nāranjī), نارنگی‎ (nārangī); بھورا‎ (bhūrā), بادامی‎ (bādāmī), خاکی‎ (xākī), مٹیالا‎ (maṭiālā)              پیلا‎ (pīlā), زرد‎ (zard), اصفر‎ (asfar), بسنتی‎ (basantī)
             پستہ‎ (pistah), انگوری‎ (aṅgūrī), دھانی‎ (dhānī)              سبز‎ (sabz), ہرا‎ (harā)             
             فیروزی‎ (ferozī)              آسمانی‎ (āsmānī), نیلگوں‎ (nīlgū̃), لاجوردی‎ (lājvardī), آبی‎ (ābī), آبگوں‎ (ābgū̃)              نیلا‎ (nīlā), ازرق‎ (azraq)
             نیل‎ (nīl), بنفشی‎ (banafśī), بنفش‎ (banafś)              جامنی‎ (jāmnī), اودا‎ (ūdā), ارغوانی‎ (arġawānī), بیگنی‎ (beganī), بینگنی‎ (benganī), بینجنی‎ (benjanī)              گلابی‎ (gulābī), پیازی‎ (pīāzī)

Further reading
  • Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971), “سفيد”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co., page 380
  • “سفید”, in Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English] (in English), Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2023.
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