ع ل ل

Arabic

Etymology

It may be that عَلَّ‎ (ʕalla, “perhaps”) is the original, in a meaning “hopefully not, lest”, so the ailment meanings are things expressed to “hopefully not” appear. That word, in turn, is[1] likely just أَن‎ (ʔan) joined to later shortened لَا‎ (lā). In North Levantine Arabic this لَعَلَّ‎ (laʕalla) is even found[2] in the form لَيِلَّ‎ (layilla) as the conjunction following “to fear, to be afraid”, as English lest and Latin nē.

Root

ع ل ل • (ʕ-l-l)

  1. related to weakness, malleability
  2. related to ailment, defect, emptiness, not at full capacity or at the best condition
  3. related to proferred reasons

Derived terms
  • Form I: عَلَّ‎ (ʕalla)
  • Form II: عَلَّلَ‎ (ʕallala)
    • Verbal noun: تَعْلِيل‎ (taʕlīl)
    • Active participle: مُعَلِّل‎ (muʕallil)
    • Passive participle: مُعَلَّل‎ (muʕallal)
  • Form III: عَالَّ‎ (ʕālla), عَالَلَ‎ (ʕālala)
    • Verbal noun: مُعَالَلَة‎ (muʕālala), عِلَال‎ (ʕilāl)
    • Active participle: مُعَالّ‎ (muʕāll), مُعَالِل‎ (muʕālil)
    • Passive participle: مُعَالّ‎ (muʕāll), مُعَالَل‎ (muʕālal)
  • Form IV: أَعَلَّ‎ (ʔaʕalla)
    • Verbal noun: إِعْلَال‎ (ʔiʕlāl)
    • Active participle: مُعِلّ‎ (muʕill)
    • Passive participle: مُعَلّ‎ (muʕall)
  • Form V: تَعَلَّلَ‎ (taʕallala)
    • Verbal noun: تَعَلُّل‎ (taʕallul)
    • Active participle: مُتَعَلِّل‎ (mutaʕallil)
  • Form VI: تَعَالَّ‎ (taʕālla), تَعَالَلَ‎ (taʕālala)
    • Verbal noun: تَعَالُل‎ (taʕālul)
    • Active participle: مُتَعَالّ‎ (mutaʕāll), مُتَعَالِل‎ (mutaʕālil)
    • Passive participle: مُتَعَالّ‎ (mutaʕāll), مُتَعَالَل‎ (mutaʕālal)
  • Form VIII: اِعْتَلَّ‎ (iʕtalla)

References
  1. Bravmann, Meïr Max (1977), “Syriac dalmā and related Arabic phenomena; Expressions based on the noun yawm- “day””, in Studies in Semitic Philology (Studies in Semitic Languages and Linguistics; 6), Leiden: E. J. Brill, →ISBN, pages 327–328, 401
  2. Landberg, Carlo, editor (1883) Proverbes et dictons du people arabe. Matériaux pour servir à la connaissance des dialectes vulgaires. I. Proverbes et dictons de la province de Syrie Section de Ṣaydâ‎ (in French), Leiden: Brill, page 158 line 2 and Landberg, Carlo, editor (1883) Proverbes et dictons du people arabe. Matériaux pour servir à la connaissance des dialectes vulgaires. I. Proverbes et dictons de la province de Syrie Section de Ṣaydâ‎ (in French), Leiden: Brill, page 166 last line

Further reading
  • Freytag, Georg (1835), “ع ل ل”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 3, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, pages 204–205
  • Lane, Edward William (1863), “ع ل ل”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate, pages 2123–2125
  • Wehr, Hans; Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985), “ع ل ل”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, pages 864–865
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