ḏbꜥ

Egyptian
Egyptian numbers (edit)
 ←  10  ←  1,000 𓂭
10,000		 100,000  →  1,000,000 (106)  → 
    Cardinal: ḏbꜥ
    Ordinal: mḥ-ḏbꜥ

Pronunciation
 
  • (reconstructed) IPA(key): /cʼaˈbaʕ/ → /tʼaˈbaʕ/ → /tʼəˈβaʕ/

Numeral
Dba
  1. ten thousand
Inflection
Declension of ḏbꜥ
masculine feminine
singular ḏbꜥ
 —
Descendants
  • Bohairic Coptic: ⲑⲃⲁ (thba)
  • Fayyumic Coptic: ⲧⲃⲉ (tbe)
  • Sahidic Coptic: ⲧⲃⲁ (tba)

Etymology 2

Compare with Arabic إصبع‎ (ʔiṣbaʕ, “finger”) and Mina dzəbuŋ (“five”).

Pronunciation
 
  • (reconstructed) IPA(key): /ˈcʼuːbaʕ/ → /ˈtʼuːbaʕ/ → /ˈtʼeːβəʕ/

Noun
Dba

 m

  1. (anatomy) a finger (inclusive of the thumb) [since the Pyramid Texts]
  2. (anatomy, Late Egyptian) a digit: a finger, thumb, or toe
  3. (units of measure) a digit: a measure of length equal to 1⁄28 cubit (about 1.88 cm). [since the Old Kingdom]
Usage notes
In Old Egyptian the sign
Dba
in this word was generally mirrored compared to the orientation shown here. Later writings use the unmirrored orientation.
Inflection
Declension of ḏbꜥ (masculine)
singular ḏbꜥ
dual ḏbꜥwj
plural ḏbꜥw
Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ḏbꜥ  
D
b		 aDba
DbaZ1
DbaZ1
F51
ḏbꜥ ḏbꜥ ḏbꜥ
[Old Kingdom and Late Period] [chiefly since the Middle Kingdom] [chiefly since the New Kingdom]
in papyri
Derived terms
Descendants
  • Akhmimic Coptic: ϯⲉⲓⲃⲉ (tieibe)
  • Bohairic Coptic: ⲧⲏⲃ (tēb)
  • Fayyumic Coptic: ⲧⲉⲉⲃⲉ (teebe)
  • Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲧⲏⲃⲉ (tēbe)
  • Sahidic Coptic: ⲧⲏⲏⲃⲉ (tēēbe)

Verb
DbaaA2

 3-lit.

  1. (transitive with m) to point one’s finger at, especially in reproach or objection [Middle Kingdom]
    • c. 1900 BCE, The Instructions of Kagemni (pPrisse/pBN 183) lines 1.4–1.5:
      At
      Z5      		 rapWk
      t      		 t
      nDs      		 dAirrwdA24ibZ1xawnDspWAf
      a
      E186
      iwDbaa
      t      		 A2im
      ꜣt pw ktt dꜣjr jb ḫw(w) pw ꜣfꜥ jw ḏbꜥ.t(w) jm
      Controlling oneself (lit. Subduing the heart) is a little moment; gluttony is something to be precluded, as it is pointed to in reproach.
  2. (transitive, with the heart as object) to rebuke (one’s heart) [Book of the Dead]
Inflection
Conjugation of ḏbꜥ (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: ḏbꜥ, geminated stem: ḏbꜥꜥ
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
ḏbꜥ
 ḏbꜥw, ḏbꜥ
 ḏbꜥt
 ḏbꜥ
 ḏbꜥ
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
ḏbꜥ
 ḥr ḏbꜥ
 m ḏbꜥ
 r ḏbꜥ
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active passive contingent
aspect / mood active passive
perfect ḏbꜥ.n
 ḏbꜥw, ḏbꜥ
 consecutive ḏbꜥ.jn
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative ḏbꜥt
perfective3 ḏbꜥ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 obligative1 ḏbꜥ.ḫr
 active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective ḏbꜥ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3 ḏbꜥ
 ḏbꜥꜥ
 potentialis1 ḏbꜥ.kꜣ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive ḏbꜥ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active passive active passive
perfect ḏbꜥ.n
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 — —
perfective ḏbꜥ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 ḏbꜥ
 ḏbꜥ, ḏbꜥw5, ḏbꜥy5
imperfective ḏbꜥ, ḏbꜥy, ḏbꜥw5
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 ḏbꜥ, ḏbꜥj6, ḏbꜥy6
 ḏbꜥ, ḏbꜥw5
prospective ḏbꜥ, ḏbꜥtj7
 — ḏbꜥtj4, ḏbꜥt4
  1. Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
  2. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
  3. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
  4. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
  5. Only in the masculine singular.
  6. Only in the masculine.
  7. Only in the feminine.
Derived terms

Pronunciation
 
  • (reconstructed) IPA(key): /ˈcʼaːbaʕ/ → /ˈtʼaːbaʕ/ → /ˈtʼoːβəʕ/

Verb
Dba
a		 WY1A24

 3-lit.

  1. (transitive) to seal up (wine or grain)
  2. (transitive) to seal, to place a seal upon (+ m or + ḥr: to seal with)
Inflection
Conjugation of ḏbꜥ (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: ḏbꜥ, geminated stem: ḏbꜥꜥ
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
ḏbꜥ
 ḏbꜥw, ḏbꜥ
 ḏbꜥt
 ḏbꜥ
 ḏbꜥ
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
ḏbꜥ
 ḥr ḏbꜥ
 m ḏbꜥ
 r ḏbꜥ
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active passive contingent
aspect / mood active passive
perfect ḏbꜥ.n
 ḏbꜥw, ḏbꜥ
 consecutive ḏbꜥ.jn
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative ḏbꜥt
perfective3 ḏbꜥ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 obligative1 ḏbꜥ.ḫr
 active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective ḏbꜥ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3 ḏbꜥ
 ḏbꜥꜥ
 potentialis1 ḏbꜥ.kꜣ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive ḏbꜥ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active passive active passive
perfect ḏbꜥ.n
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 — —
perfective ḏbꜥ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 ḏbꜥ
 ḏbꜥ, ḏbꜥw5, ḏbꜥy5
imperfective ḏbꜥ, ḏbꜥy, ḏbꜥw5
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 ḏbꜥ, ḏbꜥj6, ḏbꜥy6
 ḏbꜥ, ḏbꜥw5
prospective ḏbꜥ, ḏbꜥtj7
 — ḏbꜥtj4, ḏbꜥt4
  1. Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
  2. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
  3. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
  4. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
  5. Only in the masculine singular.
  6. Only in the masculine.
  7. Only in the feminine.
Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ḏbꜥ  
D
b		 a
ḏbꜥ
[Late Period]
Descendants
  • Akhmimic Coptic: ⲧⲟⲩⲃⲉ (toube)
  • Bohairic Coptic: ⲧⲱⲃ (tōb), ⲧⲱⲃⲓ (tōbi)
  • Sahidic Coptic: ⲧⲱⲱⲃⲉ (tōōbe)

References
  1. Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 42, 46, 71
  2. Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 44
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