くらい

See also: ぐらい

Japanese

Etymology 1

Alternative spellings
暗い
昏い

From Old Japanese.[1] Found in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) くらい [kùráí] (Heiban – [0])[2]
  • IPA(key): [kɯ̟ᵝɾa̠i]
  • Tokyo pitch accent of inflected forms of "暗い"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Continuative (連用形) 暗く くらく [kùrákú]
Terminal (終止形) 暗い くらい
くら​い
[kùráí]
[kùráꜜì]
Attributive (連体形) 暗い くらい [kùráí]
Key constructions
Informal negative 暗くない くらくな​い [kùrákúnáꜜì]
Informal past 暗かった くら​かった [kùráꜜkàttà]
Informal negative past 暗くなかった くらくな​かった [kùrákúnáꜜkàttà]
Formal 暗いです くら​いです [kùráꜜìdèsù]
Conjunctive 暗くて くら​くて [kùráꜜkùtè]
Conditional 暗ければ くら​ければ [kùráꜜkèrèbà]

Adjective

くらい • (kurai) -i, adverbial くらく (kuraku)

  1. dark; dim
  2. sombre; gloomy
Inflection
Antonyms

Etymology 2

Alternative spelling
位 (obsolete for adverb)

/kurawi/ → /kurai/

Originally a compound of 座 (kura, “seat, where something is placed”) +‎ 居 (wi, “being, existing in a place”), literally referring to "where one is", and by extension, "status, rank, position; degree".[1][2] Appears from at least as early as The Tale of Genji (prior to 1021 CE).

Pronunciation

Adverb

くらい • (kurai) ←くらゐ (kurawi)?

  1. about, approximately
    新(しん)宿(じゅく)はどれくらい遠(とお)いですか。
    Shinjuku wa dore kurai tōi desu ka.
    How far is Shinjuku?
    十(じゅっ)分(ぷん)ぐらい掛(か)かる。
    Juppun gurai kakaru.
    It takes about ten minutes.
  2. at least, if anything
    今(こん)回(かい)くらいは頑(がん)張(ば)ろうかな。
    Konkai kurai wa ganbarō kana.
    Maybe I should put in the effort at least once (this time).
    これくらいは大(だい)丈(じょう)夫(ぶ)だろう。
    Kore kurai wa daijōbu darō.
    I imagine that you won't have difficulties with this much.
    いるだろ、好(す)きな人(ひと)くらい。
    Iru daro, suki na hito kurai.
    (please add an English translation of this example)
Alternative forms
See also

Noun

くらい • (kurai) ←くらゐ (kurawi)?

  1. grade, rank, standing
    位(くらい)が上(あ)がる、位(くらい)が下(くだ)す。
    Kurai ga agaru, kurai ga kudasu.
    To rise in rank, to lower in rank.
    位(くらい)の高(たか)い人(ひと) ― kurai no takai hito ― high-ranking person
  2. the throne, the crown
    位(くらい)を譲(ゆず)る ― kurai o yuzuru ― to abdicate the throne
    位(くらい)につく ― kurai ni tsuku ― to assume the throne
  3. (mathematics) place, position
  4. being at the point where ...
Derived terms
  • 位(くらい)する (kurai suru)
  • 位(くらい)倒(だお)れ (kuraidaore)
  • 位(くらい)付(づ)け (kuraizuke)
  • 位(くらい)取(ど)る (kuraidoru)
  • 位(くらい)負(まけ) (kuraimake)

Suffix

くらい • (-kurai) ←くらゐ (kurawi)?

  1. seat, position, rank, grade

Etymology 3

Alternative spelling
食らい

The 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 食(く)らう (kurau, “to eat”, informal).[1][2]

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) くらい [kùráí] (Heiban – [0])[2]
  • IPA(key): [kɯ̟ᵝɾa̠i]

Noun

くらい • (kurai) ←くらひ (kurafi)?

  1. (usually in compounds) eating

References

  1. 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
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