于闐

Chinese

		phonetic
trad. (于闐)		于	闐
simp. (于阗)		于	阗
alternative forms		于窴于寘

Etymology

First attested in Treatise on the Dayuan (大宛列傳) from the Records of the Grand Historian, in the form of 于窴.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): Yútián

(Zhuyin): ㄩˊ ㄊㄧㄢˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jyu⁴ tin⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: Yútián
  - Zhuyin: ㄩˊ ㄊㄧㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: Yútián
  - Wade–Giles: Yü²-tʻien²
  - Yale: Yú-tyán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Yutyan
  - Palladius: Юйтянь (Jujtjanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /y³⁵ tʰjɛn³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: jyu⁴ tin⁴
  - Yale: yùh tìhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jy⁴ tin⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: yu⁴ tin⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jyː²¹ tʰiːn²¹/

Middle Chinese: /ɦɨo den|den^H/

Rime
Character	于	闐	闐
Reading #	1/1	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	云 (35)	定 (7)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	虞 (24)	先 (85)	先 (85)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	IV	IV
Fanqie	羽俱切	徒年切	堂練切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦɨo/	/den/	/den^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦio/	/den/	/den^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣio/	/dɛn/	/dɛn^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦuə̆/	/dɛn/	/dɛn^H/
Li Rong	/ɣio/	/den/	/den^H/
Wang Li	/ɣĭu/	/dien/	/dien^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/i̯u/	/dʱien/	/dʱien^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yú	tián	diàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jyu⁴	tin⁴	din⁶

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*ɢʷa diːn|diːns/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	于	于
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yú	yú
Middle Chinese	‹ hju ›	‹ hju ›
Old Chinese	/*ɢʷ(r)a/	/ɦʷa/ (< ɢʷ(r)a)
English	go; at	單于 chányú: Xiōngnú ruler (W. Hàn)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	于	闐	闐
Reading #	1/1	1/2	2/2
No.	15706	17053	17059
Phonetic component	于	眞	眞
Rime group	魚	眞	眞
Rime subdivision	0	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	于	田	電
Old Chinese	/*ɢʷa/	/*diːn/	/*diːns/
Notes	王筠雲籲初文

Proper noun

于闐

(～國) (historical) Kingdom of Khotan
(historical, until 1959) Yutian County, Xinjiang (changed to 于田)
- 萬方樂奏有于闐，詩人興會更無前。 [MSC, trad.]
  万方乐奏有于阗，诗人兴会更无前。 [MSC, simp.]
  From: October 1950, 1972 trans., Willis Barnstone, trans., The Poems of Mao Tse-tung, pp. 92-93
  Wànfāng yuè zòu yǒu Yútián, shīrén xìnghuì gèng wú qián. [Pinyin]
  Song pours on us from ten thousand corners and musicians from Khotan play. Never before were we poets so moved.

Derived terms

于闐文／于阗文

于闐語／于阗语

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