五十

Chinese
five ten
simp. and trad.
(五十)		 五 十
anagram 十五
Chinese cardinal numbers
 <  49 50 51  > 
    Cardinal : 五十 (wǔshí)

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 五 十
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial (聲) 疑 (31) 常 (25)
Final (韻) 模 (23) 侵 (141)
Tone (調) Rising (X) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) I III
Fanqie 疑古切 是執切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ŋuoX/ /d͡ʑiɪp̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ŋuoX/ /d͡ʑip̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ŋoX/ /d͡ʑjep̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ŋɔX/ /d͡ʑip̚/
Li
Rong		 /ŋoX/ /ʑiəp̚/
Wang
Li		 /ŋuX/ /ʑĭĕp̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ŋuoX/ /ʑi̯əp̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 wǔ shí
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 ng5 sap6

Numeral

五十

  1. fifty; 50

Synonyms
  • (chiefly years of age) 半百 (bànbǎi)

Derived terms

Descendants
Sino-Xenic (五十):
  • → Japanese: 五十(ごじゅう) (gojū)
  • → Korean: 오십(五十) (osip)

Japanese
Japanese cardinal numbers
 <  49 50 51  > 
    Cardinal : 五十

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
五 十
ご
Grade: 1		 じゅう
Grade: 1
goon

/ɡoʑipu/ → /ɡoʑifu/ → /ɡoʑɨu/ → /ɡoʑuː/

From Middle Chinese compound 五十 (MC ŋuoX d͡ʑiɪp̚).

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) ごじゅ​う [gòjúꜜù] (Nakadaka – [2])[1]
  • IPA(key): [ɡo̞ʑɨᵝː]

Numeral

五(ご)十(じゅう) • (gojū) ←ごじふ (gozifu)?

  1. fifty, 50
Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 五(ご)十(じゅう)韻(いん) (gojūin)
  • 五(ご)十(じゅう)腕(うで) (gojū-ude)
  • 五(ご)十(じゅう)円(えん)貨(か)幣(へい) (gojū-en kahei)
  • 五(ご)十(じゅう)円(えん)札(さつ) (gojū-en satsu)
  • 五(ご)十(じゅう)円(えん)玉(だま) (gojū-endama)
  • 五(ご)十(じゅう)音(おん) (gojūon)
  • 五(ご)十(じゅう)肩(かた) (gojū-kata)
  • 五(ゴ)十(ジュウ)雀(カラ) (gojūkara)
  • 五(ご)十(じっ)間(けん) (gojikken)
    • 五(ご)十(じっ)間(けん)茶(ぢゃ)屋(や) (gojikken jaya)
    • 五(ご)十(じっ)間(けん)道(みち) (gojikken michi)
  • 五(ご)十(じゅう)五(ご)刻(こく) (gojūgo-koku)
  • 五(ご)十(じゅう)五(ご)年(ねん)体(たい)制(せい) (Gojūgo-nen Taisei)
  • 五(ご)十(じっ)算(さん) (gojissan)
  • 五(ご)十(じゅう)四(し)郡(ぐん) (Gojūshigun)
  • 五(ご)十(じっ)銭(せん)銀(ぎん)貨(か)幣(へい) (gojissen ginkahei)
  • 五(ご)十(じっ)銭(せん)札(さつ) (gojissen satsu)
  • 五(ご)十(じゅう)蔵(ぞう) (Gojūzō)
  • 五(ご)十(じっ)挺(ちょう)立(だ)て (gojitchōdate)
  • 五(ご)十(じゅう)展(てん)転(てん) (Gojū Tenten)
  • 五(ご)十(じゅう)二(に)位(い) (Gojūni I)
  • 五(ご)十(じゅう)二(に)類(るい) (Gojūni Rui)
  • 五(ご)十(じゅう)三(さん)次(つぎ) (Gojūsan Tsugi)
  • 五(ご)十(じゅう)日(にち) (Gojū-nichi)
    • 五(ご)十(じゅう)日(にち)鬘(かずら) (Gojū-nichi Kazura)
  • 五(ご)十(じゅう)年(ねん) (gojū-nen)
  • 五(ご)十(じゅう)年(ねん)忌(き) (gojū nenki)
  • 五(ご)十(じゅう)の賀(が) (gojū no ga)
  • 五(ご)十(じっ)パーセント致(ち)死(し)量(りょう) (gojippāsento chishi-ryō)
  • 五(ご)十(じゅう)番(ばん)歌(うた)合(あわせ) (Gojūban Uta Awase)
  • 五(ご)十(じっ)歩(ぽ) (gojippo)
  • L(エル)D(ディー)50(ごじゅう) (eru-dī-gojū)
  • 狂(くる)う五(ご)十(じゅう)度(ど) (kuruu gojū-do)
  • 丁(ちょう)五(ご)十(じゅう) (chōgojū)
  • 百(ひゃく)五(ご)十(じゅう)万(まん)円(えん)の壁(かべ) (hyakugojūman-en no kabe)
Proverbs
Proverbs
  • 五(ご)十(じゅう)煙草(タバコ)に百(ひゃく)酒(ざけ) (gojū tabako ni hyaku-zake)
  • 五(ご)十(じゅう)にして四(し)十(じゅう)九年(くねん)の非(ひ)を知(し)る (gojū ni shite shijūku-nen no hi o shiru)
  • 五(ご)十(じゅう)にして天(てん)命(めい)を知(し)る (gojū ni shite tenmei o shiru)
  • 明日(あす)の百(ひゃく)より今日(きょう)の五(ご)十(じゅう) (asu no hyaku yori kyō no gojū)
  • 人(じん)生(せい)僅(わず)か五(ご)十(じゅう)年(ねん) (jinsei wazuka gojū-nen)
  • 人(にん)間(げん)僅(わず)か五(ご)十(じゅう)年(ねん) (ningen wazuka gojū-nen)

Noun

五(ご)十(じゅう) • (gojū) ←ごじふ (gozifu)?

  1. a fifty-year-old

Proper noun

五(ご)十(じゅう) • (Gojū) ←ごじふ (gozifu)?

  1. Short for 五十蔵 (Gojūzō): This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
五 十
い
Grade: 1		 そ
Grade: 1
kun’yomi

⟨i so1⟩ → */isʷo/ → /iso/

Compound of Old Japanese elements 五(い) (i, “five”, combining form) + 十(そ) (so, “ten”).

Numeral

五(い)十(そ) • (iso) 

  1. fifty, 50
    • 10th century, Kokin Waka Rokujō (book 1, volume 2, poem 725)
      岩(いは)の上(うへ)の松(まつ)の梢(こすゑ)に降(ふ)る雪(ゆき)はいそかへり降(ふ)れ後(のち)までも見(み)む
      iwa no ue ni matsu no kozue ni furu yuku wa isokaeri fure nochi made mo min
      (please add an English translation of this example)
Derived terms
  • 五十路(いそじ) (isoji)
  • 五十足(いそた)る (isotaru)

Noun

五(い)十(そ) • (iso) 

  1. (by extension) a large quantity
Derived terms
  • 五十(いそ)返(かえ)り (isokaeri)

Proper noun

五(い)十(そ) • (Iso) 

  1. a surname

Etymology 3
Kanji in this term
五 十
いそじ
Grade: 1 Grade: 1
jukujikun

Compound of 五十(いそ) (iso, “fifty”, see above) + 路(ち) (-chi, "road" → counter for length of time). The chi changes to ji (historical di) as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

Pronunciation

Numeral

五十(いそじ) • (isoji) ←いそぢ (isodi)?

  1. Alternative spelling of 五十路 (isoji): fifty, 50

Noun

五十(いそじ) • (isoji) ←いそぢ (isodi)?

  1. Alternative spelling of 五十路 (isoji): a fifty-year-old; the fiftieth year

Etymology 4
Kanji in this term
五 十
い
Grade: 1 Grade: 1
jukujikun

Shift from iso (see above), used in many compounds.

Already attested in Old Japanese as 借訓 (shakkun) kana for ⟨i⟩.

Numeral

五十(い) • (i) 

  1. Combining form of いそ (iso) above: fifty, 50
Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 五十(い)日(か) (ika)
  • 五十(い)串(ぐし) (igushi)
  • 活(いく)目(め)入(いり)彦(びこ)五十(い)狭(さ)茅(ちの)尊(みこと) (Ikumeiribikoisachi no Mikoto)
  • 五十(い)狭(さ)狭(さの)小(お)汀(はま) (Isasa no Ohama)
  • 五十(い)狭(さ)芹(ぜり)彦(ひこの)命(みこと) (Isazerihiko no Mikoto)
  • 五十(い)集(さば) (isaba)
  • 五十(い)鈴(すず) (Isuzu)
  • 五十(い)嵐(がらし) (Igarashi)
  • 五十(い)里(かり) (Ikari)
  • 五十(い)猛(たけるの)命(みこと) (Itakeru no Mikoto)

Noun

五十(い) • (i) 

  1. (by extension) Combining form of いそ (iso) above: a large quantity
Derived terms
  • 五十(い)瀬(せ) (ise)

References
  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Anagrams

Korean
Hanja in this term
五十

Numeral

五十 • (osip) (hangeul 오십)

  1. Hanja form? of 오십 (“fifty”).
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